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Welcome to The Papacy is the Antichrist by

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the Reverend Dr. J.

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A.

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Wilde read by W.

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J.

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If you would like more information on the

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topics addressed in this tape, please visit our

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website at www.swrb.com.

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And now to the message of tape number

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one from The Papacy is the Antichrist.

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We pray that the Lord Jesus Christ will

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greatly bless you as you listen.

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The Papacy is the Antichrist, a demonstration by

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Reverend J.

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A.

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Wilde, LLD, author of History of Protestantism, History

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of the Scottish Nation, etc.

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Published by George McKibben in 1888.

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The dedication is to the Reverend Ministers of

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the Church of Scotland with Mr. John Hope's

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compliments.

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Preface The following demonstration is rested on no

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narrow basis.

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Its two postulates, like two posturns, admit us

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into the edifice, but they are not its

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foundations.

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The whole economy of redemption and the whole

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course of history are the broad substructions on

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which the argument is based and built up,

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and the author humbly submits that it cannot

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be overturned or the conclusion arrived at set

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aside without dislocating and shaking the structure of

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both revelation and providence.

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The same line of proof which establishes that

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Christ is the promised Messiah, conversely applied, establishes

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that the Roman system is the predicted apostasy.

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In the life of Christ we behold the

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converse of what the Antichrist must be, and

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in the prophecy of the Antichrist we are

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shown the converse of what Christ must be

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and was.

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And when we place the Papacy between the

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two and compare it with each, we find

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on the one hand that it is the

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perfect converse of Christ as seen in his

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life, and on the other that it is

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the perfect image of the Antichrist as shown

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in the prophecy of him.

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We conclude, therefore, that if Jesus of Nazareth

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be the Christ, the Roman Papacy is the

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Antichrist.

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Chapter 1 The Term Antichrist We shall not

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go far afield in this discussion, nor is

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it in the least necessary to do so.

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The materials for a right decision on the

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question before us lie close at hand.

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The Apostle John, speaking of the great apostasy

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to arise in Christendom, calls it the Antichrist,

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and the Pope has taken to himself as

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the name that best describes his office the

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title Vicar of Christ.

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All we shall ask as the basis for

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our argument are these two accepted facts, namely,

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that John styles the apostasy the Antichrist, and

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that the head of the Roman system styles

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himself Christ's Vicar.

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The Papacy holds in its name the key

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of its meaning.

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We shall make use of that key in

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unlocking its mystery and true character.

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The Papacy cannot complain, though we adopt this

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line of interpretation.

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We do nothing more than use the key

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it has put into our hands.

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The Apostle John, we have said, speaking of

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the apostasy, the coming of which he predicts,

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styles it the Antichrist.

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And we have also said that the Papacy,

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speaking through its representative and head, calls itself

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the Vicar of Christ.

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The first, Antichrist, is a Greek word.

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The second, Vicar, is an English word.

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But the two are in reality one, for

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both words have the same meaning.

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Antichrist, translated into English, is Vice Christ, or

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Vicar of Christ.

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And Vicar of Christ, rendered into Greek, is

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Antichrist, Antichristos.

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If we can establish this, and the ordinary

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use of the word by those to whom

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the Greek was a vernacular, is decisive on

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the point.

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We shall have no difficulty in showing that

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this is the meaning of the word Antichrist,

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even a Vice Christ.

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And if so, then every time the Pope

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claims to be the Vicar of Christ, he

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pleads at the bar of the world that

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he is the Antichrist.

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Moreover, this will clear our way and simplify

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our discussion.

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For let it be noted, if Antichrist signifies

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a Vice Christ, that is, one who comes

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in the room of Christ, deception, dissimulation, counterfeit,

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must be an essential element in his character.

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In whatever persons or systems that fundamental characteristic

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is lacking, we fail to find the Antichrist,

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whatever may be their general opposition to Christ

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and to Christianity, or whatever other features of

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the Antichrist they may bear.

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They may have every other characteristic by which

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prophecy had described this noted adversary of Christ

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in his gospel, yet lacking this fundamental one,

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their claim to this pre-eminently evil distinction

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cannot be admitted.

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This enables us to dismiss summarily and at

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once a host of Antichrists which have been

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conjured up by persons who have drawn upon

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their imagination, rather than followed any sound principle

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of prophetic interpretation.

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The cause of the papacy is served by

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the false glosses and mistaken interpretations of Scripture,

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which interpose a pseudo-Antichrist between it and

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prophecy, which unfolds against it so black a

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record, and suspends above it so terrible a

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doom.

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We shall suppose that an atheist or an

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infidel has been put to the bar to

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answer it to a charge of being the

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Antichrist.

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He has manifested a satanic malignity against the

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gospel, and has labored to the utmost of

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his power to destroy it.

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He has blasphemed God, execrated Christ, and derided,

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vilified, and persecuted all who profess his name,

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and on these grounds he has been assumed

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to be the Antichrist.

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The case is no imaginary one.

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Atheists and scoffers in former ages, Voltaire and

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Paine in later times, Communists and Pantheists in

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our own day, have all been arraigned as

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the Antichrist.

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Well, let us suppose that one or other

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of these notoriously wicked personages or systems has

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been put to the bar on the charge

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of being the adversary predicted by John.

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Who are you?

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says the judge.

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Are you a vice-Christ?

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So you make a profession of Christianity, and

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under that pretext seek to undermine and destroy

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it?

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No, replies the accused, I am no counterfeit.

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Christ and his gospel I hate, but I

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am an open enemy.

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I fight under no mask.

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Turning to the likeness drawn by Paul and

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John of Christ's great rival and opponent, and

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finding the outstanding and essential feature in the

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portrait absent in the accused, the judge would

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be constrained to say, I do not find

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the charge proven.

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Go your way.

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You are not the Antichrist.

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Mohabitanism comes nearer than any of the other

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opposing systems to the Antichrist of the Bible.

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Yet it falls a long way short of

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it.

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Mohammed did not disavow the mission of Jesus.

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On the contrary, he professed to hold him

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in honor as a prophet, and in much

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the same way do his followers still feel

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toward Christ.

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But Islam does not profess to be an

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imitation of Christianity.

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Any counterfeit that can be discovered in Mohammedanism

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is partial and shadowy when placed alongside the

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bold, sharp-cut counterfeit of Romanism.

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It requires a violent stretch of imagination to

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accept Mohammedanism, or indeed any other known ism,

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as a vice-Christ.

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Of all systems that ever were on the

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earth or are now upon it, Romanism alone

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meets all the requirements of prophecy and exhibits

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all the features of the vice-Christ.

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And it does so with a completeness and

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a truthfulness which enables the man who permits

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himself to be guided by the statements of

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the Word of God on the one hand

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and the facts of history on the other

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to say at once, this is the Antichrist.

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What we have said is meant to indicate

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the lines on which our demonstration will proceed.

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We must trace the parallelism between their respective

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chiefs, Christ and the Pope, along the entire

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line of their career.

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In this parallelism lies the essence of anti

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-Christianism and, of course, the strength of our

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argument.

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It is this counterfeit, so exact and complete,

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which has misled the world into the belief

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that this is Christianity, to the waste of

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ages, not a few, the unsettling and overthrowing

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of kingdoms, the stunting of the human understanding,

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and the loss of millions of immortal souls.

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Chapter 2.

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Antichrist Portrayed Before His Birth It is somewhat

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remarkable that the clearest, fullest, and most lifelike

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description of Antichrist we possess is that which

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was given of him before he arose.

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The papacy, if we may be allowed to

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anticipate what it will be the object of

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the following pages to demonstrate, the papacy has

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been twelve hundred years in existence, and during

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all these centuries it has been one of

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the main actors in the world.

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Neither time nor opportunity has been lacking to

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it for the display of its spirit and

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aims.

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The record of its deeds lies open to

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the world, and he that runs may read

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it, and after so long, and, we may

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add, so dismal an acquaintance with it, it

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might be supposed that we should now be

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able to give a fuller and truer description

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of it than any that could possibly be

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given before it had come into existence.

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Yet no, incomparably the most lifelike portrait of

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the papacy that exists is that which was

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given by Paul in the first century when

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writing to the Thessalonian Christians, and which we

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give below.

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Paul's is not the only painting of popery

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on the page of the Bible.

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Daniel, centuries before, had foreshadowed the rise of

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this system in imagery of graphic vividness and

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dramatic grandeur.

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A little while after Paul, John, in symbols

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equally majestic and awful, foretold the advent of

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the same power.

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The vision was doubled because the thing was

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sure.

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Paul comes in between these two prophecies, two

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yet one, as their inspired interpreter.

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He employs neither figure nor symbol, but in

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words, plain yet solemn, he lifts the veil

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and lays bare the infernal origin and satanic

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character of that power, which, when he wrote,

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was so near that the Christians to whom

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he addressed his epistle might almost hear the

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sound of its approaching footsteps and see the

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shadow which it had already begun to project

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upon the church and the world.

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We quote the passage, 2 Thessalonians 2, verses

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1-11.

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Now we beseech you, brethren, by the coming

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of our Lord Jesus Christ, and by our

268
00:12:09,700 --> 00:12:12,220
gathering together unto him, that ye be not

269
00:12:12,220 --> 00:12:14,860
soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither

270
00:12:14,860 --> 00:12:17,860
by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter

271
00:12:17,860 --> 00:12:19,920
as from us, as that the day of

272
00:12:19,920 --> 00:12:21,120
Christ is at hand.

273
00:12:21,740 --> 00:12:24,260
Let no man deceive you by any means,

274
00:12:24,500 --> 00:12:27,020
for that day shall not come, except there

275
00:12:27,020 --> 00:12:28,640
comes a falling away first.

276
00:12:29,020 --> 00:12:31,840
And that man of sin be revealed, the

277
00:12:31,840 --> 00:12:35,440
son of perdition, who opposeth and exalteth himself

278
00:12:35,440 --> 00:12:38,060
above all that is called God, or that

279
00:12:38,060 --> 00:12:41,580
is worshipped, so that he as God sitteth

280
00:12:41,580 --> 00:12:44,620
in the temple of God, showing himself that

281
00:12:44,620 --> 00:12:45,340
he is God.

282
00:12:46,280 --> 00:12:48,660
Remember ye not that when I was yet

283
00:12:48,660 --> 00:12:50,200
with you I told you these things?

284
00:12:50,680 --> 00:12:53,660
And now ye know what withholdeth that he

285
00:12:53,660 --> 00:12:55,380
might be revealed in his time.

286
00:12:56,040 --> 00:12:58,760
For the mystery of iniquity doth already work,

287
00:12:59,200 --> 00:13:02,420
only he who now letteth will let, until

288
00:13:02,420 --> 00:13:03,760
he be taken out of the way.

289
00:13:04,260 --> 00:13:07,180
And then shall that wicked be revealed, whom

290
00:13:07,180 --> 00:13:09,300
the Lord shall consume with the spirit of

291
00:13:09,300 --> 00:13:11,980
his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness

292
00:13:11,980 --> 00:13:15,040
of his coming, even him whose coming is

293
00:13:15,040 --> 00:13:17,380
after the working of Satan, with all power,

294
00:13:17,560 --> 00:13:20,560
and signs, and lying wonders, and with all

295
00:13:20,560 --> 00:13:24,620
deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish, because

296
00:13:24,620 --> 00:13:26,660
they receive not the love of the truth,

297
00:13:26,720 --> 00:13:27,940
that they might be saved.

298
00:13:28,820 --> 00:13:31,060
And for this cause God shall send them

299
00:13:31,060 --> 00:13:33,740
a strong delusion, that they should believe a

300
00:13:33,740 --> 00:13:34,080
lie.

301
00:13:37,120 --> 00:13:42,480
Chapter 3 Antichrist, an Enemy Under a Mask

302
00:13:43,740 --> 00:13:46,300
In order to introduce ourselves to our subject,

303
00:13:46,480 --> 00:13:48,460
we have taken it for granted that the

304
00:13:48,460 --> 00:13:50,780
system described by Paul in the passage we

305
00:13:50,780 --> 00:13:52,560
have just quoted is the papacy.

306
00:13:53,160 --> 00:13:55,080
This is the thing to be established.

307
00:13:55,700 --> 00:13:57,960
We now proceed to prove this, and provided

308
00:13:57,960 --> 00:14:00,420
we shall show on good and conclusive grounds

309
00:14:00,420 --> 00:14:02,920
that the system depicted by Paul is the

310
00:14:02,920 --> 00:14:05,960
Roman apostasy, and that this is the same

311
00:14:05,960 --> 00:14:10,200
system which Daniel and John have portrayed under

312
00:14:10,200 --> 00:14:13,400
symbolic imagery, it will follow that one who

313
00:14:13,400 --> 00:14:15,120
admits the Bible to be the word of

314
00:14:15,120 --> 00:14:17,960
God, and that Paul wrote by the inspiration

315
00:14:17,960 --> 00:14:20,500
of the Holy Ghost, must believe that the

316
00:14:20,500 --> 00:14:24,020
papacy, that is the Roman apostasy, is the

317
00:14:24,020 --> 00:14:25,180
Antichrist of Scripture.

318
00:14:26,000 --> 00:14:28,580
This is not point of mere speculation.

319
00:14:29,240 --> 00:14:31,600
It is a question that has attended upon

320
00:14:31,600 --> 00:14:33,460
it great practical issues.

321
00:14:34,580 --> 00:14:37,080
This inquiry has for its object the ascertainment

322
00:14:37,080 --> 00:14:38,800
of the true meaning of an important part

323
00:14:38,800 --> 00:14:40,980
of the word of God, even the better

324
00:14:40,980 --> 00:14:42,440
half of its prophecies.

325
00:14:43,360 --> 00:14:46,280
Moreover, on this question must rest the verdict

326
00:14:46,280 --> 00:14:48,500
we are to pronounce on that society which

327
00:14:48,500 --> 00:14:52,280
calls itself the church, as also the revelations

328
00:14:52,280 --> 00:14:53,880
in which we are to stand to it.

329
00:14:54,680 --> 00:14:57,140
And on it too must depend whether we

330
00:14:57,140 --> 00:14:59,620
shall abandon, or whether we shall continue to

331
00:14:59,620 --> 00:15:01,800
occupy the ground which we have been accustomed

332
00:15:01,800 --> 00:15:04,580
to regard as our divine central position in

333
00:15:04,580 --> 00:15:07,340
our war with popery, or rather whether we

334
00:15:07,340 --> 00:15:10,040
ought not to end this war, and confess

335
00:15:10,040 --> 00:15:11,840
that we have been fighting all along under

336
00:15:11,840 --> 00:15:12,400
a mistake.

337
00:15:14,020 --> 00:15:15,480
Who is Antichrist?

338
00:15:16,540 --> 00:15:18,380
It will help us to the right answer

339
00:15:18,380 --> 00:15:20,340
to this question if we shall first determine

340
00:15:20,340 --> 00:15:22,240
what is Antichrist.

341
00:15:23,800 --> 00:15:26,280
Antichrist is an enemy who makes war with

342
00:15:26,280 --> 00:15:27,040
the Son of God.

343
00:15:27,680 --> 00:15:28,680
Of that there is no doubt.

344
00:15:29,600 --> 00:15:31,200
But what is the form of this war?

345
00:15:31,980 --> 00:15:34,440
And under what character does Antichrist carry it

346
00:15:34,440 --> 00:15:34,680
on?

347
00:15:35,060 --> 00:15:36,160
Does he wage it openly?

348
00:15:36,740 --> 00:15:38,160
Or does he fight it under a mask?

349
00:15:38,760 --> 00:15:40,480
Does he take the field as an open

350
00:15:40,480 --> 00:15:42,240
rebel and a declared foe?

351
00:15:42,940 --> 00:15:45,060
Or does he come as a friendly adherent

352
00:15:45,060 --> 00:15:47,420
who professes to bring support and help to

353
00:15:47,420 --> 00:15:49,940
the cause, which in reality he seeks to

354
00:15:49,940 --> 00:15:50,940
undermine and destroy?

355
00:15:50,940 --> 00:15:53,760
To determine this point, let us look at

356
00:15:53,760 --> 00:15:56,100
the meaning of the word Antichrist as employed

357
00:15:56,100 --> 00:15:56,700
in Scripture.

358
00:15:57,980 --> 00:15:59,820
The reader sees that the term is a

359
00:15:59,820 --> 00:16:02,540
composite one, being made up of two words,

360
00:16:02,760 --> 00:16:04,200
Anti- and Christ.

361
00:16:04,740 --> 00:16:08,040
The name is one of new formation, being

362
00:16:08,040 --> 00:16:10,340
compounded, it would seem, for this very enemy,

363
00:16:10,800 --> 00:16:13,740
and by its etymology expressing more exactly and

364
00:16:13,740 --> 00:16:16,980
perfectly his character than any older word could.

365
00:16:17,660 --> 00:16:21,060
The precise question now before us is this.

366
00:16:22,180 --> 00:16:24,900
What is the precise sense of Anti-

367
00:16:24,900 --> 00:16:25,560
in this connection?

368
00:16:26,420 --> 00:16:29,020
Does it designate an enemy who says openly

369
00:16:29,020 --> 00:16:31,460
and truly, I am against Christ?

370
00:16:32,580 --> 00:16:35,620
Or does it designate one who says plausibly,

371
00:16:35,780 --> 00:16:39,020
yet falsely, I am for Christ?

372
00:16:39,880 --> 00:16:40,560
Which?

373
00:16:41,660 --> 00:16:43,860
To determine this, let us look at the

374
00:16:43,860 --> 00:16:46,240
force given to this prefix by writers in

375
00:16:46,240 --> 00:16:48,480
both classic literature and Holy Scripture.

376
00:16:49,100 --> 00:16:50,960
First, the old classic writers.

377
00:16:51,920 --> 00:16:54,440
By these, the preposition Anti- is often

378
00:16:54,440 --> 00:16:56,280
employed to designate a substitute.

379
00:16:56,900 --> 00:16:58,680
This is, in fact, a very common use

380
00:16:58,680 --> 00:16:59,880
of it in the classic writers.

381
00:17:00,260 --> 00:17:02,660
For instance, Anti-Basilis.

382
00:17:03,040 --> 00:17:04,900
He who is the locum tenens of a

383
00:17:04,900 --> 00:17:06,660
king, or as we should now say, a

384
00:17:06,660 --> 00:17:07,339
viceroy.

385
00:17:07,819 --> 00:17:11,500
Anti- having in this case the force

386
00:17:11,500 --> 00:17:12,819
of the English term vice.

387
00:17:13,560 --> 00:17:15,880
He who filled the place of council was

388
00:17:15,880 --> 00:17:18,060
Anti-Opatus, pro-council.

389
00:17:18,640 --> 00:17:20,380
He who took the place of an absent

390
00:17:20,380 --> 00:17:25,300
guest at a feast was entitled or styled

391
00:17:25,300 --> 00:17:26,579
Anti-Depnos.

392
00:17:28,340 --> 00:17:30,880
The preposition used in this sense of the

393
00:17:30,880 --> 00:17:36,560
great substitute himself, Christ is said to have

394
00:17:36,560 --> 00:17:40,120
given himself as an Anti-Lutron, a ransom

395
00:17:40,120 --> 00:17:41,160
in the stead of all.

396
00:17:42,120 --> 00:17:44,320
Classic usage does not require us to give

397
00:17:44,320 --> 00:17:46,360
only one sense to this word and restrict

398
00:17:46,360 --> 00:17:48,020
it to one who seeks openly and by

399
00:17:48,020 --> 00:17:49,820
force to seat himself in the place of

400
00:17:49,820 --> 00:17:52,800
another and by violent usurpation bring that other's

401
00:17:52,800 --> 00:17:53,820
authority to an end.

402
00:17:54,160 --> 00:17:55,760
We are at liberty to apply it to

403
00:17:55,760 --> 00:17:57,920
one who steals into the office of another

404
00:17:57,920 --> 00:18:01,780
under the mask of friendship and while professing

405
00:18:01,780 --> 00:18:04,000
to uphold his interests labors to destroy them.

406
00:18:04,220 --> 00:18:05,760
This leaves us free to turn to the

407
00:18:05,760 --> 00:18:06,920
use of the word in Scripture.

408
00:18:06,920 --> 00:18:12,220
The Antichrist comes first into view in our

409
00:18:12,220 --> 00:18:19,060
Lord's discourse recorded in Matthew 24.24 and

410
00:18:19,060 --> 00:18:25,900
Mark 13.22 For false Christs and false

411
00:18:25,900 --> 00:18:28,960
prophets shall arise and show signs and wonders

412
00:18:28,960 --> 00:18:31,080
to seduce, if it were possible, even the

413
00:18:31,080 --> 00:18:31,500
elect.

414
00:18:33,260 --> 00:18:35,840
Our Lord does not indeed use the word

415
00:18:35,840 --> 00:18:41,820
Antichrist but what is almost its synonym, Pseudo

416
00:18:41,820 --> 00:18:46,400
-Christ or False Christ, Pseudo-Christos in the

417
00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:46,640
Greek.

418
00:18:48,000 --> 00:18:52,040
Nevertheless, the persons whose coming he foretells are

419
00:18:52,040 --> 00:18:53,840
in the line of Antichrist.

420
00:18:54,220 --> 00:18:56,700
They belong to the same family and their

421
00:18:56,700 --> 00:18:59,200
grand characteristic is deception.

422
00:19:00,120 --> 00:19:03,020
Manifested, they are not open enemies but pretended

423
00:19:03,020 --> 00:19:03,640
friends.

424
00:19:03,640 --> 00:19:07,900
They are false Christs and false prophets and

425
00:19:07,900 --> 00:19:10,640
as such are forerunners of that great Antichrist

426
00:19:10,640 --> 00:19:13,260
who is to succeed them and in whom

427
00:19:13,260 --> 00:19:15,360
they are to find their fuller development and

428
00:19:15,360 --> 00:19:16,580
final consummation.

429
00:19:17,600 --> 00:19:20,160
They shall seek by signs and wonders, false

430
00:19:20,160 --> 00:19:22,700
of course, to obscure the glory of Christ's

431
00:19:22,700 --> 00:19:25,120
true miracles to weaken the evidence of his

432
00:19:25,120 --> 00:19:28,400
messiahship arising therefrom and to draw men away

433
00:19:28,400 --> 00:19:30,320
from him and after themselves.

434
00:19:31,960 --> 00:19:34,140
The other place in the New Testament in

435
00:19:34,140 --> 00:19:36,580
which reference is made to Antichrist is the

436
00:19:36,580 --> 00:19:38,760
first and second epistles of John.

437
00:19:39,400 --> 00:19:42,200
The idea which John presents of the Antichrist

438
00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:43,920
is quite in harmony with that of our

439
00:19:43,920 --> 00:19:44,240
Lord.

440
00:19:45,140 --> 00:19:46,720
John looks for him in the guise of

441
00:19:46,720 --> 00:19:47,380
a deceiver.

442
00:19:48,640 --> 00:19:51,520
Little children, says John, from his first epistle,

443
00:19:51,620 --> 00:19:54,320
chapter 2, verse 18, It is the last

444
00:19:54,320 --> 00:19:57,200
time, and as ye have heard that Antichrist

445
00:19:57,200 --> 00:20:00,220
shall come, even now there are many Antichrists.

446
00:20:02,060 --> 00:20:04,700
After this announcement of a special and great

447
00:20:04,700 --> 00:20:06,740
Antichrist to follow in the wake of those

448
00:20:06,740 --> 00:20:09,920
minor Antichrists that were already arrived and were

449
00:20:09,920 --> 00:20:12,020
urging their claims on the attention of the

450
00:20:12,020 --> 00:20:14,340
world, he comes to look more closely at

451
00:20:14,340 --> 00:20:16,240
the giant who was to stand up after

452
00:20:16,240 --> 00:20:17,920
these dwarfs had passed away.

453
00:20:17,920 --> 00:20:22,220
He notes prominently one characteristic of him, and

454
00:20:22,220 --> 00:20:23,660
it is his falsehood.

455
00:20:24,880 --> 00:20:27,160
Antichrist, says John, is to be a liar,

456
00:20:27,520 --> 00:20:31,500
verse 22, 1 John chapter 2.

457
00:20:32,740 --> 00:20:35,140
Quote, Who is a liar but he that

458
00:20:35,140 --> 00:20:37,160
denieth that Jesus is the Christ?

459
00:20:37,580 --> 00:20:40,520
He is Antichrist that denieth the Father and

460
00:20:40,520 --> 00:20:41,020
the Son.

461
00:20:41,360 --> 00:20:41,740
Unquote.

462
00:20:43,770 --> 00:20:48,110
St. John's words, says Archbishop Trench, seem to

463
00:20:48,110 --> 00:20:51,750
me decisive on the matter that resistance to

464
00:20:51,750 --> 00:20:55,130
and defiance of Christ, not the false assumption

465
00:20:55,130 --> 00:20:58,170
of his character and offices, is the essential

466
00:20:58,170 --> 00:20:59,530
mark of Antichrist.

467
00:20:59,890 --> 00:21:00,210
Unquote.

468
00:21:01,210 --> 00:21:03,370
That is from Synonyms of the New Testament

469
00:21:03,370 --> 00:21:06,970
by R.C. Trench, B.D., page 120,

470
00:21:07,230 --> 00:21:10,390
published in Cambridge and London in 1854.

471
00:21:11,730 --> 00:21:15,010
Such is Dr. Trench's opinion, but he gives

472
00:21:15,010 --> 00:21:17,790
no grounds for it, and we are unable

473
00:21:17,790 --> 00:21:18,630
to imagine any.

474
00:21:19,430 --> 00:21:22,310
We draw the exactly opposite conclusion from the

475
00:21:22,310 --> 00:21:26,070
Apostle's words, even that the false assumption of

476
00:21:26,070 --> 00:21:28,990
his character and offices is an essential mark

477
00:21:28,990 --> 00:21:29,770
of Antichrist.

478
00:21:30,370 --> 00:21:32,570
He is a liar, says John.

479
00:21:33,410 --> 00:21:35,970
But if he comes boldly and truthfully avowing

480
00:21:35,970 --> 00:21:38,870
himself the enemy of Christ, how is he

481
00:21:38,870 --> 00:21:39,190
a liar?

482
00:21:40,330 --> 00:21:44,570
If he avows without concealment his impious design

483
00:21:44,570 --> 00:21:47,570
of overthrowing Christ, with what truth can he

484
00:21:47,570 --> 00:21:49,210
be spoken of as a deceiver?

485
00:21:50,050 --> 00:21:52,410
But such is the character plainly ascribed to

486
00:21:52,410 --> 00:21:55,290
him by John, in the second epistle, verse

487
00:21:55,290 --> 00:22:00,390
7, For many deceivers are entered into the

488
00:22:00,390 --> 00:22:02,950
world who confess not that Jesus Christ has

489
00:22:02,950 --> 00:22:03,790
come in the flesh.

490
00:22:04,310 --> 00:22:06,790
This is a deceiver and an Antichrist.

491
00:22:07,110 --> 00:22:07,450
Unquote.

492
00:22:08,570 --> 00:22:12,630
Plainly the exegesis, or rather supposition, of Dr.

493
00:22:12,750 --> 00:22:14,210
Trench is inadmissible.

494
00:22:15,890 --> 00:22:18,570
Dr. Chalmers had no difficulty in seeing the

495
00:22:18,570 --> 00:22:21,390
Roman system in the apostasy predicted by Paul.

496
00:22:21,390 --> 00:22:24,450
We find him saying in his scripture readings,

497
00:22:25,210 --> 00:22:27,410
Save us, O Lord, from falling away, lest

498
00:22:27,410 --> 00:22:29,370
we share in the perdition that waiteth on

499
00:22:29,370 --> 00:22:30,410
the great apostasy.

500
00:22:30,850 --> 00:22:33,130
We hold the usurpation of Rome to be

501
00:22:33,130 --> 00:22:35,710
evidently pointed at, and therefore let us maintain

502
00:22:35,710 --> 00:22:38,670
our distance and keep our resolute protest against

503
00:22:38,670 --> 00:22:40,150
its great abominations.

504
00:22:40,730 --> 00:22:43,570
That is from Dr. Chalmers' Sabbath Scripture Readings,

505
00:22:43,670 --> 00:22:46,730
Volume 1, page 310, as published in Edinburgh

506
00:22:46,730 --> 00:22:49,270
in 1848.

507
00:22:51,610 --> 00:22:54,070
Archbishop Trench was misled, it may be, by

508
00:22:54,070 --> 00:22:55,730
the strength of the term deny.

509
00:22:56,510 --> 00:22:59,190
Quote, He is Antichrist that denieth the Father

510
00:22:59,190 --> 00:22:59,910
and the Son.

511
00:23:01,510 --> 00:23:03,410
But he who does not confess when he

512
00:23:03,410 --> 00:23:05,210
is called to do so denies.

513
00:23:06,150 --> 00:23:07,850
Such is the use of the word in

514
00:23:07,850 --> 00:23:09,950
these applications all through the New Testament.

515
00:23:11,110 --> 00:23:12,890
Such is the use John makes of it

516
00:23:12,890 --> 00:23:13,890
in this very passage.

517
00:23:14,510 --> 00:23:16,770
Quote, For many deceivers are entered into the

518
00:23:16,770 --> 00:23:19,650
world who confess not that Jesus Christ is

519
00:23:19,650 --> 00:23:20,530
come in the flesh.

520
00:23:21,290 --> 00:23:23,610
It is clear that Antichrist, as depicted by

521
00:23:23,610 --> 00:23:25,310
our Lord and by his Apostle John, is

522
00:23:25,310 --> 00:23:27,570
to wear a mask and to profess one

523
00:23:27,570 --> 00:23:29,330
thing and act another.

524
00:23:29,330 --> 00:23:31,830
He is to enter the church as Judas

525
00:23:31,830 --> 00:23:35,150
entered the garden, professedly to kiss his master,

526
00:23:35,550 --> 00:23:37,210
but in reality to betray him.

527
00:23:37,730 --> 00:23:39,530
He is to come with words of peace

528
00:23:39,530 --> 00:23:41,430
in his mouth, but war in his heart.

529
00:23:41,810 --> 00:23:44,790
He is to be a counterfeit Christ, Christ's

530
00:23:44,790 --> 00:23:47,230
likeness stamped on base metal.

531
00:23:47,730 --> 00:23:49,710
He is to be an imitation of Christ,

532
00:23:50,070 --> 00:23:53,530
a close, clever, and astute imitation, which will

533
00:23:53,530 --> 00:23:55,230
deceive the world for ages.

534
00:23:55,230 --> 00:23:58,470
Those only accepted who, taught by the Holy

535
00:23:58,470 --> 00:24:00,670
Spirit, shall be able to see through the

536
00:24:00,670 --> 00:24:03,850
disguise and detect the enemy under the mask

537
00:24:03,850 --> 00:24:04,470
of a friend.

538
00:24:12,920 --> 00:24:17,460
Antichrist, then, is a counterfeit.

539
00:24:18,460 --> 00:24:21,880
But this one mark is not alone sufficient

540
00:24:21,880 --> 00:24:24,180
to identify the person on whom it is

541
00:24:24,180 --> 00:24:25,780
found as the great apostate.

542
00:24:26,460 --> 00:24:29,180
All deceit in religion is anti-Christian.

543
00:24:29,880 --> 00:24:31,700
The other marks must come along with this

544
00:24:31,700 --> 00:24:33,200
one to ward us to say that we

545
00:24:33,200 --> 00:24:36,240
have found that pre-eminently wicked one and

546
00:24:36,240 --> 00:24:39,460
that portentous combination of all evil that is

547
00:24:39,460 --> 00:24:40,880
to form the Antichrist.

548
00:24:41,500 --> 00:24:43,820
Yet this one mark enables us to test

549
00:24:43,820 --> 00:24:46,200
certain theories which have been advanced on this

550
00:24:46,200 --> 00:24:46,560
subject.

551
00:24:47,280 --> 00:24:50,840
If Antichrist must necessarily be a deceiver, a

552
00:24:50,840 --> 00:24:53,900
false Christ, then no atheist or body of

553
00:24:53,900 --> 00:24:55,720
atheists can be Antichrist.

554
00:24:56,380 --> 00:24:59,100
No pantheist or body of pantheists can be

555
00:24:59,100 --> 00:24:59,800
Antichrist.

556
00:25:00,200 --> 00:25:01,120
They are not deceivers.

557
00:25:01,300 --> 00:25:02,160
They are open enemies.

558
00:25:03,160 --> 00:25:05,240
They make war in defiance of God and

559
00:25:05,240 --> 00:25:07,360
Christ and under the protestation that there is

560
00:25:07,360 --> 00:25:13,380
no such person as the Bible affirms filling

561
00:25:13,380 --> 00:25:15,560
the office of the world's mediator and savior.

562
00:25:16,260 --> 00:25:18,180
They hold the whole affair to be an

563
00:25:18,180 --> 00:25:19,460
invention of priests.

564
00:25:20,740 --> 00:25:22,900
Antichrist dared to make no such avowal.

565
00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:25,080
It would be fatal to him.

566
00:25:25,920 --> 00:25:27,860
Were he to affirm that Christianity is a

567
00:25:27,860 --> 00:25:30,760
fable, an out-and-out imposture, he would

568
00:25:30,760 --> 00:25:32,440
cut away the ground from under his own

569
00:25:32,440 --> 00:25:32,800
feet.

570
00:25:33,340 --> 00:25:35,440
He would deny the very first postulate in

571
00:25:35,440 --> 00:25:37,620
his system for there must first be a

572
00:25:37,620 --> 00:25:40,140
Christ before there can be an Antichrist.

573
00:25:41,100 --> 00:25:43,200
And not less does this mark shut us

574
00:25:43,200 --> 00:25:44,960
up to the rejection of the theory which

575
00:25:44,960 --> 00:25:48,100
has been advanced with much earnestness and some

576
00:25:48,100 --> 00:25:51,640
plausibility that Antichrist is a political character or

577
00:25:51,640 --> 00:25:55,800
potentate, some frightfully tyrannical and portentously wicked king

578
00:25:55,800 --> 00:25:58,120
who is to arise and for a short

579
00:25:58,120 --> 00:26:00,340
space devastate the world by arms.

580
00:26:00,900 --> 00:26:04,500
This is an altogether different Antichrist from that

581
00:26:04,500 --> 00:26:06,780
Antichrist which prophecy foreshadows.

582
00:26:07,460 --> 00:26:10,160
He may resemble, may surpass him in open

583
00:26:10,160 --> 00:26:13,540
violence, but he lacks the profound dissimulation under

584
00:26:13,540 --> 00:26:16,280
which Antichrist is to commit his atrocities.

585
00:26:17,040 --> 00:26:20,420
The rage of the mere tyrant is indiscriminately

586
00:26:20,420 --> 00:26:22,220
vented upon the world at large.

587
00:26:22,860 --> 00:26:26,480
Antichrist's rage is concentrated on one particular object

588
00:26:26,480 --> 00:26:27,240
and cause.

589
00:26:27,980 --> 00:26:30,320
Nor with any propriety can such a one

590
00:26:30,320 --> 00:26:32,240
be said to sit in the temple of

591
00:26:32,240 --> 00:26:34,680
God, the seat on which the mock Christ

592
00:26:34,680 --> 00:26:36,620
specially delights to show himself.

593
00:26:37,520 --> 00:26:40,360
Prophecy absolutely refuses to see in either of

594
00:26:40,360 --> 00:26:44,220
these theories the altogether unique and overtopping system

595
00:26:44,220 --> 00:26:47,900
of hypocrisy, blasphemy, and tyranny which it has

596
00:26:47,900 --> 00:26:48,600
foretold.

597
00:26:49,240 --> 00:26:51,180
So far we are helped in our search.

598
00:26:52,180 --> 00:26:54,200
When we are able to put aside some

599
00:26:54,200 --> 00:26:56,800
of the false Antichrists, we come more within

600
00:26:56,800 --> 00:26:57,860
sight of the true one.

601
00:26:59,080 --> 00:27:00,940
We turn now to the prophecy of Paul,

602
00:27:01,240 --> 00:27:04,340
and we shall be blind indeed if, after

603
00:27:04,340 --> 00:27:05,720
the study of it, we shall be in

604
00:27:05,720 --> 00:27:08,220
any doubt as to whose likeness it is

605
00:27:08,220 --> 00:27:10,760
that looks forth upon us from this remarkable

606
00:27:10,760 --> 00:27:11,320
prediction.

607
00:27:18,530 --> 00:27:21,670
The name Antichrist, it is true, does not

608
00:27:21,670 --> 00:27:23,450
occur in this prophecy.

609
00:27:24,330 --> 00:27:25,190
It is not needed.

610
00:27:26,250 --> 00:27:27,790
John had given the name.

611
00:27:28,730 --> 00:27:30,750
Paul presents us with his portrait.

612
00:27:33,880 --> 00:27:37,900
He says the Antichrist has power, a truth,

613
00:27:38,560 --> 00:27:41,680
an accuracy, and a fullness, which has left

614
00:27:41,680 --> 00:27:44,360
nothing for the eighteenth centuries which have since

615
00:27:44,360 --> 00:27:47,180
rolled past to supplement, much less to correct

616
00:27:47,180 --> 00:27:48,120
or amend.

617
00:27:49,020 --> 00:27:51,660
The strokes with which this portrait is drawn

618
00:27:51,660 --> 00:27:54,680
are few, but each is a lightning flash,

619
00:27:55,120 --> 00:27:57,440
and every member and feature of the terrible

620
00:27:57,440 --> 00:27:59,320
colossus stands revealed.

621
00:28:00,620 --> 00:28:02,500
Paul did not paint this portrait and leave

622
00:28:02,500 --> 00:28:04,660
it as a riddle to perplex and baffle

623
00:28:04,660 --> 00:28:05,540
future ages.

624
00:28:06,380 --> 00:28:08,420
With history in our hands, there is no

625
00:28:08,420 --> 00:28:10,440
room for a moment's doubt about it.

626
00:28:11,540 --> 00:28:14,780
Since Paul wrote, there has been only one

627
00:28:14,780 --> 00:28:17,120
system to which this portrait can apply.

628
00:28:17,740 --> 00:28:20,700
It applies to it in every particular, as

629
00:28:20,700 --> 00:28:23,500
the photograph agrees in every liniment with the

630
00:28:23,500 --> 00:28:25,700
living face from which it is taken.

631
00:28:26,440 --> 00:28:29,040
But it will agree with no other system

632
00:28:29,040 --> 00:28:31,460
that now is or ever was on the

633
00:28:31,460 --> 00:28:33,480
earth, even as the photograph will not agree

634
00:28:33,480 --> 00:28:35,920
with any countenance but that which stamped itself

635
00:28:35,920 --> 00:28:37,180
upon the plate of the artist.

636
00:28:37,740 --> 00:28:40,620
So clearly did the spirit of prophecy foresee

637
00:28:40,620 --> 00:28:43,500
the coming of Antichrist, and so truthfully did

638
00:28:43,500 --> 00:28:45,560
he enable Paul to depict him.

639
00:28:47,380 --> 00:28:49,720
The key of this prophecy is in the

640
00:28:49,720 --> 00:28:50,480
seventh verse.

641
00:28:51,760 --> 00:28:55,000
For the mystery of iniquity doth already work.

642
00:28:56,870 --> 00:28:58,290
The mystery of iniquity.

643
00:28:58,690 --> 00:29:00,510
The phrase is a striking one.

644
00:29:01,330 --> 00:29:03,150
It is not simply iniquity.

645
00:29:03,750 --> 00:29:06,230
It is the mystery of iniquity.

646
00:29:07,170 --> 00:29:09,610
Since the time when the first transgression in

647
00:29:09,610 --> 00:29:12,110
Eden opened the door for its entrance, iniquity

648
00:29:12,110 --> 00:29:13,750
had never been absent from the earth.

649
00:29:14,410 --> 00:29:17,270
History is little else than a sorrowful recital

650
00:29:17,270 --> 00:29:18,230
of iniquities.

651
00:29:19,030 --> 00:29:21,010
But now a new epoch was to be

652
00:29:21,010 --> 00:29:22,570
opened in the career of evil.

653
00:29:23,250 --> 00:29:26,630
A hitherto unexampled and unthought of organization of

654
00:29:26,630 --> 00:29:28,070
iniquity was about to appear.

655
00:29:28,550 --> 00:29:32,170
The phrase mystery of iniquity suggests a secret

656
00:29:32,170 --> 00:29:35,370
and terrible conspiracy to sin amongst beings of

657
00:29:35,370 --> 00:29:38,310
various ranks and faculties, and perhaps also of

658
00:29:38,310 --> 00:29:39,090
various natures.

659
00:29:39,630 --> 00:29:42,430
Not a mere series of isolated acts, but

660
00:29:42,430 --> 00:29:46,990
a skillfully constructed system, the several parts nicely

661
00:29:46,990 --> 00:29:49,870
adjusted to one another, and their joint working

662
00:29:49,870 --> 00:29:54,250
inducing a product of tremendous evil character surpassing

663
00:29:54,250 --> 00:29:56,110
what any former age had witnessed.

664
00:29:57,190 --> 00:29:59,490
That mystery was as yet undivulged.

665
00:29:59,490 --> 00:30:02,530
But it was, even now, when Paul wrote,

666
00:30:02,810 --> 00:30:05,470
traveling towards the light and would be revealed

667
00:30:05,470 --> 00:30:06,270
in due time.

668
00:30:07,730 --> 00:30:10,290
The mystery of iniquity.

669
00:30:11,450 --> 00:30:14,430
This is our true standpoint, once we may

670
00:30:14,430 --> 00:30:16,390
look around over the whole passage.

671
00:30:17,110 --> 00:30:19,790
When surveyed from this position, Paul's prophecy will

672
00:30:19,790 --> 00:30:21,790
be seen to have an amplitude of meaning

673
00:30:21,790 --> 00:30:25,210
and a depth of import as profound as

674
00:30:25,210 --> 00:30:26,650
its range is vast.

675
00:30:26,650 --> 00:30:30,050
We venture to think that the height and

676
00:30:30,050 --> 00:30:32,750
depth of this prophecy have not yet been

677
00:30:32,750 --> 00:30:36,430
very accurately measured or its meaning fully fathomed.

678
00:30:37,750 --> 00:30:40,110
What is the mystery of iniquity?

679
00:30:41,290 --> 00:30:45,190
The phrase suggests another, the mystery of godliness.

680
00:30:45,870 --> 00:30:49,610
Paul writing to Timothy says, in 1 Timothy

681
00:30:49,610 --> 00:30:54,110
2.16, without controversy great is the mystery

682
00:30:54,110 --> 00:30:54,950
of godliness.

683
00:30:55,950 --> 00:30:59,150
These two phrases stand alone in the Bible.

684
00:30:59,790 --> 00:31:02,050
We read but once of the mystery of

685
00:31:02,050 --> 00:31:05,050
godliness, and but once of the mystery of

686
00:31:05,050 --> 00:31:05,470
iniquity.

687
00:31:06,310 --> 00:31:09,570
They are the two preeminently grand mysteries of

688
00:31:09,570 --> 00:31:10,050
revelation.

689
00:31:10,950 --> 00:31:12,790
They stand over against each other.

690
00:31:13,470 --> 00:31:16,850
The mystery of iniquity, fashioning its outward character

691
00:31:16,850 --> 00:31:19,950
and semblance upon the mystery of godliness, making

692
00:31:19,950 --> 00:31:22,650
it its pattern, till at last the mystery

693
00:31:22,650 --> 00:31:24,870
of iniquity presents itself to the world a

694
00:31:24,870 --> 00:31:28,050
perfect imitation and counterfeit of the mystery of

695
00:31:28,050 --> 00:31:28,510
godliness.

696
00:31:29,750 --> 00:31:32,650
Seeing the two mysteries stand so related to

697
00:31:32,650 --> 00:31:35,630
each other, the one mystery interprets the other.

698
00:31:36,390 --> 00:31:38,470
We must give the same height and depth,

699
00:31:39,130 --> 00:31:41,310
the same length and breadth to the one

700
00:31:41,310 --> 00:31:43,370
as to the other, so far as the

701
00:31:43,370 --> 00:31:45,570
diverse origin and character of the two will

702
00:31:45,570 --> 00:31:45,850
permit.

703
00:31:47,070 --> 00:31:50,710
We ask then, what is the precise idea

704
00:31:50,710 --> 00:31:53,130
of the Holy Spirit in the phrase the

705
00:31:53,130 --> 00:31:54,190
mystery of godliness?

706
00:31:55,450 --> 00:31:58,030
Does the phrase denote simply that system of

707
00:31:58,030 --> 00:32:00,690
spiritual truth which God has been developing during

708
00:32:00,690 --> 00:32:03,370
the successive ages of the world, which now

709
00:32:03,370 --> 00:32:05,690
at last stands fully manifested in the gospel?

710
00:32:06,550 --> 00:32:08,950
No doubt this is part of the mystery

711
00:32:08,950 --> 00:32:10,870
of godliness, but it is not the whole,

712
00:32:11,210 --> 00:32:13,150
nor indeed is it the principal part of

713
00:32:13,150 --> 00:32:13,250
it.

714
00:32:13,250 --> 00:32:16,310
The mystery of godliness is not the development

715
00:32:16,310 --> 00:32:18,690
of a system only, it is the development

716
00:32:18,690 --> 00:32:19,630
of a person.

717
00:32:20,590 --> 00:32:22,650
So does the apostle define it.

718
00:32:23,630 --> 00:32:27,270
Without controversy, says he, great is the mystery

719
00:32:27,270 --> 00:32:27,970
of godliness.

720
00:32:29,170 --> 00:32:31,410
God was manifest in the flesh.

721
00:32:32,810 --> 00:32:35,730
It was the gradual development of certain great

722
00:32:35,730 --> 00:32:39,670
and supernatural principles and truths through symbols, prophecies

723
00:32:39,670 --> 00:32:42,670
and typical persons, till at last they attained

724
00:32:42,670 --> 00:32:46,290
their completed development and full manifestation in the

725
00:32:46,290 --> 00:32:47,910
person of the Son of God.

726
00:32:48,790 --> 00:32:52,090
The mystery of iniquity, which stands over against

727
00:32:52,090 --> 00:32:54,810
the mystery of godliness as its parallel and

728
00:32:54,810 --> 00:32:58,010
counterfeit, must be like it, like it in

729
00:32:58,010 --> 00:33:01,250
having its source outside the world, like it

730
00:33:01,250 --> 00:33:04,410
in its slow and gradual development, and like

731
00:33:04,410 --> 00:33:06,310
it in its final culmination.

732
00:33:07,010 --> 00:33:09,190
Of it too, we must say, it is

733
00:33:09,190 --> 00:33:11,690
not the development of a system only, it

734
00:33:11,690 --> 00:33:13,250
is the development of a person.

735
00:33:13,990 --> 00:33:16,170
It is the gathering together of all the

736
00:33:16,170 --> 00:33:19,090
principles of evil and the marshalling of them

737
00:33:19,090 --> 00:33:22,550
into one organization or host and their embodiment

738
00:33:22,550 --> 00:33:25,110
at last in a representative person or head.

739
00:33:26,250 --> 00:33:26,790
Antichrist.

740
00:33:27,970 --> 00:33:29,670
He was to be the grand outcome of

741
00:33:29,670 --> 00:33:32,910
the apostasy, not its mere ornamental head, but

742
00:33:32,910 --> 00:33:33,550
its executive.

743
00:33:33,550 --> 00:33:37,270
He was to guide its councils, inspire its

744
00:33:37,270 --> 00:33:39,690
policy, execute its decrees.

745
00:33:40,030 --> 00:33:41,930
In short, he was to be the organ

746
00:33:41,930 --> 00:33:44,470
through which its terrible powers were to be

747
00:33:44,470 --> 00:33:45,030
put forth.

748
00:33:46,390 --> 00:33:48,810
This we take to be the ruling idea

749
00:33:48,810 --> 00:33:49,610
in the passage.

750
00:33:50,010 --> 00:33:52,630
Just as the mystery of godliness is not

751
00:33:52,630 --> 00:33:55,250
merely the manifestation of the system of godliness,

752
00:33:55,570 --> 00:33:58,810
but the manifestation of God himself, so the

753
00:33:58,810 --> 00:34:01,110
mystery of iniquity is not merely the manifestation

754
00:34:01,110 --> 00:34:03,770
of the system of iniquity, but the manifestation

755
00:34:03,770 --> 00:34:06,990
of the person or author of iniquity.

756
00:34:07,670 --> 00:34:12,070
The prophecy brings us two mysteries, the one

757
00:34:12,070 --> 00:34:14,770
the counterfeit in all points of the other.

758
00:34:15,150 --> 00:34:18,150
We have an invisible agent, even God, beneath

759
00:34:18,150 --> 00:34:18,590
the one.

760
00:34:19,110 --> 00:34:21,929
We have an invisible agent, even Satan, beneath

761
00:34:21,929 --> 00:34:22,389
the other.

762
00:34:23,090 --> 00:34:25,650
We have the one mystery culminating at last

763
00:34:25,650 --> 00:34:28,650
in an incarnation, God manifest in the flesh.

764
00:34:29,409 --> 00:34:31,750
We see the other in like manner culminating

765
00:34:31,750 --> 00:34:34,530
in an incarnation, in a loose sense, for

766
00:34:34,530 --> 00:34:37,830
all its principles concentrate themselves in and show

767
00:34:37,830 --> 00:34:40,570
themselves to the world through its living head

768
00:34:40,570 --> 00:34:42,050
on earth, Antichrist.

769
00:34:42,790 --> 00:34:45,030
We may go even farther and say that

770
00:34:45,030 --> 00:34:47,190
there is as real an incarnation of the

771
00:34:47,190 --> 00:34:49,530
spirit and mind of Satan in the mystery

772
00:34:49,530 --> 00:34:52,030
of iniquity as there is of the spirit

773
00:34:52,030 --> 00:34:53,650
and mind of God in the mystery of

774
00:34:53,650 --> 00:34:54,110
godliness.

775
00:34:54,909 --> 00:34:58,030
And, as in Christ, God and man meet,

776
00:34:58,330 --> 00:35:01,850
so in Antichrist, his counterfeit and rival, the

777
00:35:01,850 --> 00:35:04,850
human and the superhuman meet and act together.

778
00:35:05,550 --> 00:35:08,930
Earth-born man and archangel fallen.

779
00:35:09,450 --> 00:35:14,130
Chapter 6, Unfolding of the Two Mysteries The

780
00:35:14,130 --> 00:35:16,690
apostle, having brought these two mysteries upon the

781
00:35:16,690 --> 00:35:18,930
stage and shown them to us standing face

782
00:35:18,930 --> 00:35:21,550
to face, goes on to trace the parallel

783
00:35:21,550 --> 00:35:22,510
between the two.

784
00:35:23,170 --> 00:35:26,810
This parallel is distinctly discernible in every stage

785
00:35:26,810 --> 00:35:27,570
of their career.

786
00:35:28,290 --> 00:35:30,690
The apostle traces it first in their rise,

787
00:35:31,110 --> 00:35:33,470
second in their coming, and third in their

788
00:35:33,470 --> 00:35:35,030
full and completed development.

789
00:35:35,790 --> 00:35:38,410
Let us follow the parallelism step by step

790
00:35:38,410 --> 00:35:39,850
and stage by stage.

791
00:35:40,410 --> 00:35:43,230
In their rise, for the mystery of iniquity,

792
00:35:43,550 --> 00:35:44,450
doth already work.

793
00:35:45,030 --> 00:35:46,350
It was already in existence.

794
00:35:46,710 --> 00:35:48,750
Its energies were all astir, but it worked

795
00:35:48,750 --> 00:35:51,310
in secret and was inaudible to the world.

796
00:35:51,310 --> 00:35:54,070
It worked as leaven doth in the meal,

797
00:35:54,310 --> 00:35:56,690
which keeps silently fermenting in the mass till

798
00:35:56,690 --> 00:35:58,150
the whole has been leavened.

799
00:35:58,630 --> 00:36:01,050
It worketh as the seed does in the

800
00:36:01,050 --> 00:36:04,390
soil, which, germinating in the darkness, pierces the

801
00:36:04,390 --> 00:36:07,070
clod, bursts into the light, and, receiving an

802
00:36:07,070 --> 00:36:09,090
accession of strength from the sun and air,

803
00:36:09,490 --> 00:36:11,210
shoots up in the stem and at last

804
00:36:11,210 --> 00:36:13,090
culminates in flower and fruit.

805
00:36:13,910 --> 00:36:16,950
The mystery of iniquity worked as treason works.

806
00:36:17,310 --> 00:36:19,710
The conspirators meet in secret conclave.

807
00:36:19,710 --> 00:36:22,690
They concert their plans unknown to the world.

808
00:36:22,910 --> 00:36:25,710
They speak in whispers, but their schemes at

809
00:36:25,710 --> 00:36:28,770
length ripen, and now they come abroad into

810
00:36:28,770 --> 00:36:30,510
the light of day and proclaim in the

811
00:36:30,510 --> 00:36:32,690
housetops what they had hatched in darkness.

812
00:36:33,530 --> 00:36:35,970
So did the mystery of iniquity work.

813
00:36:37,350 --> 00:36:40,150
So too did the mystery of godliness work.

814
00:36:40,590 --> 00:36:42,550
Even at this initial stage of the two

815
00:36:42,550 --> 00:36:45,230
mysteries, we trace a resemblance between them.

816
00:36:46,010 --> 00:36:48,150
Let us think how long the gospel worked

817
00:36:48,150 --> 00:36:50,270
before it issued in the incarnation of the

818
00:36:50,270 --> 00:36:50,930
Son of God.

819
00:36:51,810 --> 00:36:54,830
For ages and for generations, Christianity was a

820
00:36:54,830 --> 00:36:55,490
hidden mystery.

821
00:36:56,310 --> 00:36:58,090
The redemption of men by means of the

822
00:36:58,090 --> 00:37:00,430
incarnation of the Son of God was a

823
00:37:00,430 --> 00:37:03,310
secret, profoundly hidden in the counsels of God

824
00:37:03,310 --> 00:37:06,150
in eternity, and even after time had begun

825
00:37:06,150 --> 00:37:08,450
its course, it long remained a secret unknown

826
00:37:08,450 --> 00:37:09,190
to the world.

827
00:37:10,230 --> 00:37:13,110
Bit by bit, this mystery revealed itself.

828
00:37:13,870 --> 00:37:17,930
First, the idea of incarnation was dimly made

829
00:37:17,930 --> 00:37:18,290
known.

830
00:37:18,990 --> 00:37:21,650
In the first promise, mention was made of

831
00:37:21,650 --> 00:37:23,750
the seed of the woman, and on this

832
00:37:23,750 --> 00:37:26,330
obscure intimation was built the hope of a

833
00:37:26,330 --> 00:37:29,610
deliverer, and that hope descended the ages with

834
00:37:29,610 --> 00:37:30,090
the race.

835
00:37:30,890 --> 00:37:34,230
The idea of expiation was next revealed in

836
00:37:34,230 --> 00:37:37,610
the appointment of sacrifice, which also with the

837
00:37:37,610 --> 00:37:40,410
hope which is expressed and sustained came down

838
00:37:40,410 --> 00:37:41,570
the stream of time.

839
00:37:43,070 --> 00:37:46,230
Next, a complete system of ceremonial worship was

840
00:37:46,230 --> 00:37:49,110
instituted to reveal the coming redemption in the

841
00:37:49,110 --> 00:37:50,750
amplitude of its blessings.

842
00:37:51,470 --> 00:37:53,530
Still the veil was upon it.

843
00:37:54,330 --> 00:37:56,790
It stood before the world in type.

844
00:37:57,850 --> 00:38:01,890
There arose an illustrious series of august personages

845
00:38:01,890 --> 00:38:04,790
who were forerunners or types of Christ.

846
00:38:04,790 --> 00:38:07,830
They exhibited to the church the offices which

847
00:38:07,830 --> 00:38:10,590
her incarnate Savior was to fill and the

848
00:38:10,590 --> 00:38:11,930
work He was to execute.

849
00:38:12,490 --> 00:38:15,010
There stood up an order of prophetical men

850
00:38:15,010 --> 00:38:17,410
who prefigured Him as the Great Teacher.

851
00:38:18,070 --> 00:38:20,190
There stood up an order of sacrificial men

852
00:38:20,190 --> 00:38:22,270
who prefigured Him as the One Priest.

853
00:38:22,910 --> 00:38:24,770
There stood up an order of kingly men

854
00:38:24,770 --> 00:38:27,570
who prefigured Himself as a monarch, and a

855
00:38:27,570 --> 00:38:29,990
monarch who was to be higher and mightier

856
00:38:29,990 --> 00:38:31,870
than any of the monarchs of earth.

857
00:38:31,870 --> 00:38:34,990
The kings of the house of Judah foreshadowed

858
00:38:34,990 --> 00:38:39,230
Him as sprung of a royal stock and

859
00:38:39,230 --> 00:38:41,630
the heir of a throne, which all nations

860
00:38:41,630 --> 00:38:45,190
should serve and before which all kings should

861
00:38:45,190 --> 00:38:45,510
bow.

862
00:38:46,310 --> 00:38:49,910
Thus did the mystery of godliness work, unfolding

863
00:38:49,910 --> 00:38:52,750
and still unfolding itself as the ages passed

864
00:38:52,750 --> 00:38:56,190
on, the type growing ever the clearer and

865
00:38:56,190 --> 00:38:59,250
the prophecy ever the fuller, till at last

866
00:38:59,250 --> 00:39:01,670
the mystery stepped out from behind the veil

867
00:39:01,670 --> 00:39:05,910
and stood before the world, perfected, finished, and

868
00:39:05,910 --> 00:39:08,330
fully revealed in the person of Jesus of

869
00:39:08,330 --> 00:39:12,070
Nazareth, the Christ, God manifest in the flesh,

870
00:39:12,490 --> 00:39:15,250
and centering in His person and flowing out

871
00:39:15,250 --> 00:39:18,730
from it through His life and ministry and

872
00:39:18,730 --> 00:39:21,450
death as raised from the sun were all

873
00:39:21,450 --> 00:39:23,370
the glorious doctrines of the gospel.

874
00:39:25,610 --> 00:39:27,790
In like manner the mystery of iniquity kept

875
00:39:27,790 --> 00:39:30,170
traveling by the same stages towards the day

876
00:39:30,170 --> 00:39:31,370
of its final revelation.

877
00:39:31,990 --> 00:39:34,470
It was not the production of one, but

878
00:39:34,470 --> 00:39:35,250
of many ages.

879
00:39:35,990 --> 00:39:37,770
The fashion of the world changed.

880
00:39:38,330 --> 00:39:40,750
Great empires, which had filled the earth with

881
00:39:40,750 --> 00:39:43,390
their glory and burdened it with their oppression,

882
00:39:43,750 --> 00:39:45,050
went down into the grave.

883
00:39:45,870 --> 00:39:49,130
Worships arose with their powerful hierarchies and grand

884
00:39:49,130 --> 00:39:52,390
ceremonials, and when their day was over, passed

885
00:39:52,390 --> 00:39:56,070
away, leaving only ruined fanes and deserted altars

886
00:39:56,070 --> 00:39:57,450
to tell that they had ever been.

887
00:39:58,290 --> 00:40:01,130
But the mystery of iniquity, as if deathless,

888
00:40:01,470 --> 00:40:04,250
like the being which inspired it, refused to

889
00:40:04,250 --> 00:40:05,510
succumb to these shocks.

890
00:40:06,290 --> 00:40:08,850
It kept on its course over broken thrones

891
00:40:08,850 --> 00:40:12,250
and desecrated altars, ever reaching forth to that

892
00:40:12,250 --> 00:40:14,890
high goal where it should show itself to

893
00:40:14,890 --> 00:40:16,890
the nations and be the wonder of all

894
00:40:16,890 --> 00:40:18,290
that dwell upon the earth.

895
00:40:19,470 --> 00:40:23,770
Silently and stealthily, this mystery pursued its course.

896
00:40:24,450 --> 00:40:27,550
For ages and for generations, it too was

897
00:40:27,550 --> 00:40:28,470
a hidden mystery.

898
00:40:29,330 --> 00:40:31,010
Paul tells us that it was working in

899
00:40:31,010 --> 00:40:31,550
his day.

900
00:40:32,350 --> 00:40:34,970
This warrants us to say that Antichrist was

901
00:40:34,970 --> 00:40:37,910
then born and was making trial of his

902
00:40:37,910 --> 00:40:38,990
infantile powers.

903
00:40:40,470 --> 00:40:43,050
The world did not hear his working, but

904
00:40:43,050 --> 00:40:45,430
Paul, by the spirit of prophecy, did so

905
00:40:45,430 --> 00:40:47,430
and sounded an alarm to the church.

906
00:40:48,610 --> 00:40:50,830
The Gnostics and other teachers of error that

907
00:40:50,830 --> 00:40:52,770
had gone forth into the world so early

908
00:40:52,770 --> 00:40:56,710
as Paul's day were Antichrists, and those in

909
00:40:56,710 --> 00:40:59,310
a special who propagated the delusion that it

910
00:40:59,310 --> 00:41:01,470
was a phantom which the Jews seized and

911
00:41:01,470 --> 00:41:02,750
crucified on Calvary.

912
00:41:03,270 --> 00:41:05,510
They seemed to admit the mission of Christ,

913
00:41:05,770 --> 00:41:07,530
yet they subverted the great end of his

914
00:41:07,530 --> 00:41:11,310
coming by denying his incarnation and, by consequence,

915
00:41:11,490 --> 00:41:12,630
the whole work of redemption.

916
00:41:13,550 --> 00:41:16,570
But though these teachers were Antichristian, they were

917
00:41:16,570 --> 00:41:17,890
not the Antichrist.

918
00:41:18,570 --> 00:41:20,910
After them, Paul gave warning that there should

919
00:41:20,910 --> 00:41:23,910
come one far mightier than they, the lachet

920
00:41:23,910 --> 00:41:25,790
of whose shoes they were not worthy to

921
00:41:25,790 --> 00:41:26,170
loose.

922
00:41:26,730 --> 00:41:29,270
They were misgrown and misshapen Antichrists.

923
00:41:29,690 --> 00:41:32,250
Their system of error was immature and their

924
00:41:32,250 --> 00:41:35,250
power of attack contemptible compared with that full

925
00:41:35,250 --> 00:41:38,490
-grown Antichristianism which would stand up on after

926
00:41:38,490 --> 00:41:40,670
days and say to the world, I am

927
00:41:40,670 --> 00:41:44,070
Christ, and under that color make war upon

928
00:41:44,070 --> 00:41:44,910
the true Christ.

929
00:41:46,510 --> 00:41:49,230
Nay, even before the apostles' day, the mystery

930
00:41:49,230 --> 00:41:50,850
of iniquity had begun to work.

931
00:41:51,490 --> 00:41:53,690
From the beginning, Satan had made the line

932
00:41:53,690 --> 00:41:55,610
of error to run parallel with the line

933
00:41:55,610 --> 00:41:56,130
of truth.

934
00:41:56,650 --> 00:41:58,650
He had been a close observer of God's

935
00:41:58,650 --> 00:42:00,610
plan from the first, and he made it

936
00:42:00,610 --> 00:42:02,370
the model on which to form his own.

937
00:42:03,010 --> 00:42:05,850
Never was the divine plan advanced a stage

938
00:42:05,850 --> 00:42:08,970
without Satan making a corresponding advance in his

939
00:42:08,970 --> 00:42:11,350
plan, as like to the other as it

940
00:42:11,350 --> 00:42:13,610
was possible to make it in all outward

941
00:42:13,610 --> 00:42:17,150
respects, but essentially antagonistic to it in principle

942
00:42:17,150 --> 00:42:17,790
and spirit.

943
00:42:18,490 --> 00:42:20,490
Satan has been a counterfeit from the beginning.

944
00:42:21,130 --> 00:42:23,070
Even in the times of paganism, he never

945
00:42:23,070 --> 00:42:26,090
showed himself as an avowed adversary or waged

946
00:42:26,090 --> 00:42:26,890
open war.

947
00:42:27,310 --> 00:42:29,870
He nowhere established a system of atheism.

948
00:42:30,430 --> 00:42:32,530
He permitted the great idea of a god

949
00:42:32,530 --> 00:42:35,350
to be received in the pagan world, but

950
00:42:35,350 --> 00:42:37,270
he took care to intercept the influence of

951
00:42:37,270 --> 00:42:39,090
that great truth in the heart and life

952
00:42:39,090 --> 00:42:41,510
by seducing men to the worship of many

953
00:42:41,510 --> 00:42:44,590
gods, and these gods in man's own likeness.

954
00:42:45,190 --> 00:42:48,250
He set up altar against altar, priesthood against

955
00:42:48,250 --> 00:42:52,450
priesthood, and sacrifice against sacrifice, and he enlarged

956
00:42:52,450 --> 00:42:54,890
and beautified his ritual in the heathen world

957
00:42:54,890 --> 00:42:57,950
till it seemed no unworthy rival of the

958
00:42:57,950 --> 00:43:01,090
divinely instituted ceremonial on Mount Moriah.

959
00:43:02,630 --> 00:43:05,730
Moreover, he sent forth pioneers to keep alive

960
00:43:05,730 --> 00:43:08,710
expectation in the pagan world of some great

961
00:43:08,710 --> 00:43:10,090
one yet to come.

962
00:43:11,330 --> 00:43:13,830
He showed to the world a colossal picture

963
00:43:13,830 --> 00:43:15,670
of the Antichrist, while yet he was at

964
00:43:15,670 --> 00:43:16,190
a distance.

965
00:43:16,790 --> 00:43:19,350
For what were the Caesars, king and priest

966
00:43:19,350 --> 00:43:21,830
of the Roman world, but types of that

967
00:43:21,830 --> 00:43:25,250
more terrible power, temporal and spiritual, that was

968
00:43:25,250 --> 00:43:27,110
to center in the chair of the popes?

969
00:43:27,930 --> 00:43:30,250
That colossal image he kept full in the

970
00:43:30,250 --> 00:43:32,810
world's view till the fullness of the time

971
00:43:32,810 --> 00:43:36,330
for Antichrist's appearance had arrived, and then he

972
00:43:36,330 --> 00:43:38,670
withdrew the image and brought forth a great

973
00:43:38,670 --> 00:43:41,430
reality, the man of sin now come to

974
00:43:41,430 --> 00:43:43,850
his full birth, though not as yet to

975
00:43:43,850 --> 00:43:46,110
his full stature, and he found for him

976
00:43:46,110 --> 00:43:48,890
a seat and throne on the seven hills.

977
00:43:52,020 --> 00:43:56,000
Chapter 7 THE PASTOR BECOMES A MONARCH TEN

978
00:43:56,000 --> 00:44:00,660
CENTURIES OF CLIMBING Beginning his career in the

979
00:44:00,660 --> 00:44:02,440
days of Paul, it was not till the

980
00:44:02,440 --> 00:44:04,720
thirteenth century that the man of sin reached

981
00:44:04,720 --> 00:44:07,020
his maturity and stood before the world full

982
00:44:07,020 --> 00:44:07,400
grown.

983
00:44:08,320 --> 00:44:10,820
During all these ages, he kept stretching himself

984
00:44:10,820 --> 00:44:15,180
higher and higher, piling assumption upon assumption and

985
00:44:15,180 --> 00:44:18,380
prerogative upon prerogative, till at last he raised

986
00:44:18,380 --> 00:44:20,340
himself to a height from which he looked

987
00:44:20,340 --> 00:44:22,840
down not only upon all churches, but upon

988
00:44:22,840 --> 00:44:24,120
all kings and kingdoms.

989
00:44:24,680 --> 00:44:27,100
He claimed to be the world's one bishop

990
00:44:27,100 --> 00:44:28,740
and world's one monarch.

991
00:44:29,360 --> 00:44:31,520
In the first century, he is seen as

992
00:44:31,520 --> 00:44:34,400
the humble pastor whose only care is to

993
00:44:34,400 --> 00:44:36,500
feed his flock and who looks for no

994
00:44:36,500 --> 00:44:39,060
crown save that which the chief shepherd may

995
00:44:39,060 --> 00:44:40,740
be pleased to give him at his appearing.

996
00:44:41,800 --> 00:44:44,140
In the thirteenth, he is beheld as a

997
00:44:44,140 --> 00:44:46,920
mighty potentate who stands with his foot planted

998
00:44:46,920 --> 00:44:49,180
on every throne and realm of Christendom.

999
00:44:49,640 --> 00:44:52,740
He writes himself a king of kings and

1000
00:44:52,740 --> 00:44:55,280
he claims by divine right to administer all

1001
00:44:55,280 --> 00:44:56,320
the affairs of earth.

1002
00:44:57,100 --> 00:45:00,400
If we accept Christianity, there is no similar

1003
00:45:00,400 --> 00:45:02,640
example in history of what was at first

1004
00:45:02,640 --> 00:45:04,900
so small becoming in the end so great.

1005
00:45:05,600 --> 00:45:08,360
Three hundred popes and more are seen one

1006
00:45:08,360 --> 00:45:11,980
after the other steadily prosecuting this idea without

1007
00:45:11,980 --> 00:45:14,600
once relaxing in their efforts or turning aside

1008
00:45:14,600 --> 00:45:15,420
from the pursuit.

1009
00:45:15,940 --> 00:45:18,380
Each in succession takes up the plan at

1010
00:45:18,380 --> 00:45:20,500
the point where his predecessor had left it

1011
00:45:20,500 --> 00:45:23,300
and carries it a stage nearer its consummation.

1012
00:45:23,860 --> 00:45:26,780
For thirteen hundred years on end, we see

1013
00:45:26,780 --> 00:45:30,840
the enterprise pushed forward with an undeviating constancy

1014
00:45:30,840 --> 00:45:34,380
and an unflinching courage with a perseverance and

1015
00:45:34,380 --> 00:45:35,100
a subtlety.

1016
00:45:35,560 --> 00:45:38,320
In short, a combination of powers never before

1017
00:45:38,320 --> 00:45:41,340
seen working together for the realization of any

1018
00:45:41,340 --> 00:45:42,100
other project.

1019
00:45:43,380 --> 00:45:45,100
There is more than man here.

1020
00:45:45,900 --> 00:45:48,980
The spirit who conceived this plan, who inspired

1021
00:45:48,980 --> 00:45:51,780
the actors and kept them working century after

1022
00:45:51,780 --> 00:45:54,400
century on the same lines till at last

1023
00:45:54,400 --> 00:45:57,300
the goal was reached was more than human.

1024
00:45:58,800 --> 00:46:01,220
Paul tells us that its author was Satan.

1025
00:46:02,540 --> 00:46:05,480
A great apostasy was to precede the rise

1026
00:46:05,480 --> 00:46:06,480
of the Antichrist.

1027
00:46:07,020 --> 00:46:09,260
In truth, the man of sin was to

1028
00:46:09,260 --> 00:46:11,000
grow out of that apostasy.

1029
00:46:12,500 --> 00:46:14,940
Be not troubled or alarmed, says the apostle

1030
00:46:14,940 --> 00:46:17,520
writing to the Thessalonians, as if time were

1031
00:46:17,520 --> 00:46:19,500
to be wound up and Christ were to

1032
00:46:19,500 --> 00:46:20,000
return.

1033
00:46:20,240 --> 00:46:23,000
Thessalonians 2, verses 2 and 3 says, that

1034
00:46:23,000 --> 00:46:25,480
day shall not come except there come a

1035
00:46:25,480 --> 00:46:28,520
falling away first and that man of sin

1036
00:46:28,520 --> 00:46:29,320
be revealed.

1037
00:46:29,320 --> 00:46:32,640
Not a falling away, but the falling away

1038
00:46:32,640 --> 00:46:34,200
as it is in the original Greek.

1039
00:46:34,520 --> 00:46:36,760
Some great and notable apostasy.

1040
00:46:37,180 --> 00:46:39,900
The church must pass through a dark and

1041
00:46:39,900 --> 00:46:42,240
terrible shadow before Christ shall return.

1042
00:46:43,860 --> 00:46:46,860
The prophets had spoken not obscurely of that

1043
00:46:46,860 --> 00:46:47,620
evil time.

1044
00:46:48,300 --> 00:46:50,140
It was a burden of Daniel's prophecy.

1045
00:46:50,600 --> 00:46:52,960
It was repeated in the symbolic pictureings of

1046
00:46:52,960 --> 00:46:53,360
John.

1047
00:46:53,920 --> 00:46:55,880
Paul in his other writings had referred to

1048
00:46:55,880 --> 00:46:58,620
it, portraying with brief but vivid touches the

1049
00:46:58,620 --> 00:47:02,180
essential characteristics of the power which at that

1050
00:47:02,180 --> 00:47:04,340
era was to cast his dark shadow on

1051
00:47:04,340 --> 00:47:04,880
the world.

1052
00:47:06,120 --> 00:47:09,140
Hardly had the early persecution ceased till that

1053
00:47:09,140 --> 00:47:10,400
falling away set in.

1054
00:47:12,080 --> 00:47:14,340
Jerome lifts the veil in the fourth century

1055
00:47:14,340 --> 00:47:17,060
and disclosed a truly melancholy picture.

1056
00:47:18,220 --> 00:47:20,980
In vain we look for the humility, the

1057
00:47:20,980 --> 00:47:23,560
simplicity and the purity of the early church.

1058
00:47:24,620 --> 00:47:27,120
The gold refined in the furnace of ten

1059
00:47:27,120 --> 00:47:29,640
persecutions is waxing dim.

1060
00:47:30,280 --> 00:47:32,780
The vine which Paul planted at Rome is

1061
00:47:32,780 --> 00:47:35,160
being transformed into the vine of Sodom.

1062
00:47:35,820 --> 00:47:38,340
The pastors of the church are becoming inflamed

1063
00:47:38,340 --> 00:47:40,700
with the love of riches and are striving

1064
00:47:40,700 --> 00:47:42,440
with one another for preeminence.

1065
00:47:43,300 --> 00:47:46,080
Rome daily sees her bishop ride forth in

1066
00:47:46,080 --> 00:47:49,280
a gilded chariot drawn by prancing steeds.

1067
00:47:50,040 --> 00:47:52,700
Her clergy show themselves attired in robes of

1068
00:47:52,700 --> 00:47:53,200
silk.

1069
00:47:53,880 --> 00:47:56,220
The members of their flock crowd alternately the

1070
00:47:56,220 --> 00:47:59,040
church and the theater and rush with indecent

1071
00:47:59,040 --> 00:48:03,640
haste from superstitious rites performed at the tombs

1072
00:48:03,640 --> 00:48:06,060
of the martyrs to the games and sports

1073
00:48:06,060 --> 00:48:06,800
of the circus.

1074
00:48:07,780 --> 00:48:10,500
The apostasy has fairly set in.

1075
00:48:11,100 --> 00:48:13,620
The corruption grows with the current of the

1076
00:48:13,620 --> 00:48:14,120
centuries.

1077
00:48:14,400 --> 00:48:16,520
It shapes itself into system.

1078
00:48:16,960 --> 00:48:20,100
It builds error upon error and buttresses itself

1079
00:48:20,100 --> 00:48:22,720
all around with assumptions and falsehoods.

1080
00:48:22,720 --> 00:48:26,420
The organization in which it enshrines itself necessarily

1081
00:48:26,420 --> 00:48:29,060
and naturally finds for itself a chief or

1082
00:48:29,060 --> 00:48:29,460
head.

1083
00:48:29,800 --> 00:48:32,240
Now comes the pope and his hierarchy.

1084
00:48:33,200 --> 00:48:34,940
The man of sin has appeared.

1085
00:48:36,000 --> 00:48:37,480
He is seen to rise out of the

1086
00:48:37,480 --> 00:48:39,260
earth of a paganized Christianity.

1087
00:48:39,860 --> 00:48:42,180
Like the soil from which he sprung, he

1088
00:48:42,180 --> 00:48:44,420
is pagan in essence, though a Christian in

1089
00:48:44,420 --> 00:48:44,780
appearance.

1090
00:48:45,560 --> 00:48:47,980
Several notable events helped him to attain his

1091
00:48:47,980 --> 00:48:48,700
full stature.

1092
00:48:49,300 --> 00:48:51,700
We must indicate a few, not all of

1093
00:48:51,700 --> 00:48:53,300
these, for it is impossible to write the

1094
00:48:53,300 --> 00:48:55,700
history of thirteen centuries in one short chapter.

1095
00:48:56,640 --> 00:48:59,880
The first event which contributed and contributed essentially

1096
00:48:59,880 --> 00:49:02,200
to the development of the papacy was the

1097
00:49:02,200 --> 00:49:03,860
removal of the emperor from Rome.

1098
00:49:04,420 --> 00:49:07,040
Had Caesar continued to reside in his old

1099
00:49:07,040 --> 00:49:09,320
capital, he would, as the phrase is, have

1100
00:49:09,320 --> 00:49:13,360
sat upon the pope, and this aspiring ecclesiastic

1101
00:49:13,360 --> 00:49:15,620
could not have shot up into the powerful

1102
00:49:15,620 --> 00:49:18,420
potentate which prophecy had foretold.

1103
00:49:18,420 --> 00:49:22,460
But Constantine, A.D. 334, removed to the

1104
00:49:22,460 --> 00:49:24,900
new Rome on the Bosphorus, leaving the old

1105
00:49:24,900 --> 00:49:26,640
capital of the world to the bishop of

1106
00:49:26,640 --> 00:49:29,740
Rome, who was henceforth the first and most

1107
00:49:29,740 --> 00:49:32,760
influential personage in that city.

1108
00:49:34,140 --> 00:49:36,440
It was then, probably, that the idea of

1109
00:49:36,440 --> 00:49:40,440
founding an ecclesiastical monarchy suggested itself to him.

1110
00:49:41,080 --> 00:49:43,320
He had fallen heir, by what must have

1111
00:49:43,320 --> 00:49:45,660
seemed a lucky accident, to the old capital

1112
00:49:45,660 --> 00:49:46,300
of the world.

1113
00:49:46,820 --> 00:49:49,280
He was, moreover, possessor of the chair of

1114
00:49:49,280 --> 00:49:52,520
Peter, or believed himself to be so, and

1115
00:49:52,520 --> 00:49:54,400
out of these two, the old town of

1116
00:49:54,400 --> 00:49:55,900
the Caesars and the old chair of the

1117
00:49:55,900 --> 00:50:00,440
apostle, it might even be possible, so doubtless

1118
00:50:00,440 --> 00:50:02,440
he reasoned, to fabricate an empire that would

1119
00:50:02,440 --> 00:50:04,940
one day rival and even overtop that of

1120
00:50:04,940 --> 00:50:05,520
the emperors.

1121
00:50:06,280 --> 00:50:08,800
These, it might have been thought beforehand, were

1122
00:50:08,800 --> 00:50:10,880
but slender materials to bear the weight of

1123
00:50:10,880 --> 00:50:13,620
so great an enterprise, yet with their help,

1124
00:50:13,720 --> 00:50:15,980
and aided doubtless by deeper than mere human

1125
00:50:15,980 --> 00:50:18,820
counsel, he projected a sovereignty which has not

1126
00:50:18,820 --> 00:50:21,240
had its like on earth, which survived the

1127
00:50:21,240 --> 00:50:23,680
fall of the Roman Empire, which lived through

1128
00:50:23,680 --> 00:50:25,840
all the convulsions and overturnings of the Middle

1129
00:50:25,840 --> 00:50:28,020
Ages, and which has come down to our

1130
00:50:28,020 --> 00:50:30,680
day and has the art, when men believe

1131
00:50:30,680 --> 00:50:33,900
it about to expire, of rallying its powers

1132
00:50:33,900 --> 00:50:35,360
and coming back upon the world.

1133
00:50:37,200 --> 00:50:39,780
About this time, moreover, the equality which had

1134
00:50:39,780 --> 00:50:41,580
reigned among the pastors of the church in

1135
00:50:41,580 --> 00:50:43,380
the primitive age was broken.

1136
00:50:44,540 --> 00:50:48,640
The bishops claimed superiority above the presbyters, nor

1137
00:50:48,640 --> 00:50:51,320
was their equality even among the bishops themselves.

1138
00:50:51,920 --> 00:50:54,480
They took precedence not according to their learning

1139
00:50:54,480 --> 00:50:57,780
or their talents or their piety, but according

1140
00:50:57,780 --> 00:50:59,360
to the rank of the city in which

1141
00:50:59,360 --> 00:51:00,560
their see was placed.

1142
00:51:01,340 --> 00:51:05,120
Finally, a new and loftier order arose overtopping

1143
00:51:05,120 --> 00:51:06,000
the episcopate.

1144
00:51:07,140 --> 00:51:11,820
Christendom was partitioned into five great patriarchs, Rome,

1145
00:51:13,220 --> 00:51:17,440
Constantinople, Antioch, Alexandria, and Jerusalem.

1146
00:51:18,500 --> 00:51:20,760
These were the five great cities of the

1147
00:51:20,760 --> 00:51:23,960
empire, and their bishops were constituted the five

1148
00:51:23,960 --> 00:51:25,380
great princes of the church.

1149
00:51:26,780 --> 00:51:29,440
Now came the momentous question, for a while

1150
00:51:29,440 --> 00:51:32,500
so keenly agitated, which of the five shall

1151
00:51:32,500 --> 00:51:33,160
be the first?

1152
00:51:34,580 --> 00:51:37,640
Constantinople claimed this honor for her patriarch on

1153
00:51:37,640 --> 00:51:39,100
the ground that it was the residence of

1154
00:51:39,100 --> 00:51:39,600
the emperor.

1155
00:51:41,040 --> 00:51:43,860
Antioch, Alexandria, and Jerusalem each put in its

1156
00:51:43,860 --> 00:51:45,540
claim, but to no effect.

1157
00:51:47,020 --> 00:51:49,600
Constantinople found, however, a powerful rival in the

1158
00:51:49,600 --> 00:51:51,220
old city on the banks of the Tiber.

1159
00:51:52,160 --> 00:51:53,800
Rome had been the head of the world,

1160
00:51:54,180 --> 00:51:55,320
the throne of the Caesars.

1161
00:51:55,840 --> 00:51:57,840
Around it was still the halo of a

1162
00:51:57,840 --> 00:52:00,460
thousand victories, and that gave it a mysterious

1163
00:52:00,460 --> 00:52:03,960
influence over the imaginations of men who began

1164
00:52:03,960 --> 00:52:06,300
to see in its bishop the first ecclesiastic

1165
00:52:06,300 --> 00:52:07,400
of the Christian world.

1166
00:52:07,400 --> 00:52:11,040
The popular suffrage had pronounced in favor of

1167
00:52:11,040 --> 00:52:13,800
the Roman bishop before his rank had received

1168
00:52:13,800 --> 00:52:15,100
imperial ratification.

1169
00:52:15,920 --> 00:52:17,780
He was installed as the first of the

1170
00:52:17,780 --> 00:52:20,840
five patriarchs in A.D. 606.

1171
00:52:22,260 --> 00:52:25,660
The emperor Phocas, displeased with the bishop of

1172
00:52:25,660 --> 00:52:28,640
Constantinople, who had condemned the murder of Maurice,

1173
00:52:28,860 --> 00:52:30,760
by which Phocas opened his way to the

1174
00:52:30,760 --> 00:52:34,920
imperial dignity, made Boniface III universal bishop.

1175
00:52:35,540 --> 00:52:38,260
The imperial edict, however, gave to the Roman

1176
00:52:38,260 --> 00:52:41,880
bishop only the precedence among the five patriarchs.

1177
00:52:42,200 --> 00:52:44,940
It gave him no power or jurisdiction over

1178
00:52:44,940 --> 00:52:45,180
them.

1179
00:52:47,480 --> 00:52:50,340
Mere rank, the bishops of Rome held to

1180
00:52:50,340 --> 00:52:51,660
be but an empty honor.

1181
00:52:52,320 --> 00:52:54,880
What they coveted was substantial power.

1182
00:52:55,680 --> 00:52:57,800
Their policy was now shaped with the view

1183
00:52:57,800 --> 00:53:00,000
of reducing the whole clergy of the church

1184
00:53:00,000 --> 00:53:03,140
into obedience to the Roman chair and exalting

1185
00:53:03,140 --> 00:53:05,760
the popes to supreme and absolute sovereignty.

1186
00:53:06,920 --> 00:53:09,260
Centuries passed away, in the course of which,

1187
00:53:09,380 --> 00:53:11,480
by the help of many an artifice and

1188
00:53:11,480 --> 00:53:14,080
under cover of many a pretext, the Roman

1189
00:53:14,080 --> 00:53:16,820
bishops slowly extended their power over the West.

1190
00:53:17,580 --> 00:53:20,240
The darkness, which accompanied the descent of the

1191
00:53:20,240 --> 00:53:22,920
Gothic nations, favored their project in a high

1192
00:53:22,920 --> 00:53:23,360
degree.

1193
00:53:24,920 --> 00:53:28,100
Bad wares, says Puffendorf in his introduction to

1194
00:53:28,100 --> 00:53:30,440
the history of Europe, are best vended in

1195
00:53:30,440 --> 00:53:32,380
the dark, or at least in a dim

1196
00:53:32,380 --> 00:53:32,740
light.

1197
00:53:33,960 --> 00:53:36,580
Some of the wares vended in these dark

1198
00:53:36,580 --> 00:53:38,400
times were sufficiently remarkable.

1199
00:53:38,900 --> 00:53:40,960
Out of many, we give but two examples.

1200
00:53:42,080 --> 00:53:44,980
The emperor Constantine, by his last will and

1201
00:53:44,980 --> 00:53:48,260
testament, was made to bequeath to Sylvester, bishop

1202
00:53:48,260 --> 00:53:52,500
of Rome, the whole Western Empire, including palace,

1203
00:53:52,840 --> 00:53:55,360
regalia, and all the belongings of the master

1204
00:53:55,360 --> 00:53:56,040
of the world.

1205
00:53:56,920 --> 00:54:00,320
A goodly dowry, verily, for the poor fishermen.

1206
00:54:01,060 --> 00:54:05,060
Then came another windfall to the papacy, in

1207
00:54:05,060 --> 00:54:07,220
the shape of the decretals of Isidore.

1208
00:54:07,900 --> 00:54:10,320
This last showed the church to her equal

1209
00:54:10,320 --> 00:54:13,240
surprise and delight that her popes from Peter

1210
00:54:13,240 --> 00:54:16,420
downwards had held the same state, lived in

1211
00:54:16,420 --> 00:54:20,200
the same magnificence, and promulgated their pontifical will

1212
00:54:20,200 --> 00:54:22,900
in briefs, edicts, and bulls in the same

1213
00:54:22,900 --> 00:54:26,380
authoritative and lordly style as the grand popes

1214
00:54:26,380 --> 00:54:27,200
of the Middle Ages.

1215
00:54:28,560 --> 00:54:31,080
Both documents, it is unnecessary to say, were

1216
00:54:31,080 --> 00:54:31,940
sheer forgeries.

1217
00:54:32,640 --> 00:54:35,060
They are acknowledged by Romanists to be so.

1218
00:54:35,720 --> 00:54:37,280
They could not have stood a moment's scrutiny

1219
00:54:37,280 --> 00:54:39,620
in an enlightened age, but they were accepted

1220
00:54:39,620 --> 00:54:41,660
as genuine in the darkness of the times

1221
00:54:41,660 --> 00:54:44,500
that gave them birth, and vast conclusions were

1222
00:54:44,500 --> 00:54:45,540
founded upon them.

1223
00:54:47,860 --> 00:54:51,040
The fabrications of Isidore were made the substructions

1224
00:54:51,040 --> 00:54:54,680
of canon law, and that stupendous fabric of

1225
00:54:54,680 --> 00:54:57,940
legislation is still maintained to be of divine

1226
00:54:57,940 --> 00:55:01,340
authority, despite that it is now acknowledged to

1227
00:55:01,340 --> 00:55:03,840
be founded on a forgery.

1228
00:55:06,260 --> 00:55:08,560
The northern nations arrived in southern Europe in

1229
00:55:08,560 --> 00:55:11,600
the fifth and succeeding centuries ignorant of Christianity.

1230
00:55:12,200 --> 00:55:14,680
This was another cause that favored the advancement

1231
00:55:15,190 --> 00:55:16,280
of the man of sin.

1232
00:55:17,100 --> 00:55:19,660
These nations, on their arrival in Italy, beheld

1233
00:55:19,660 --> 00:55:22,340
a great spiritual potentate seated in the chair

1234
00:55:22,340 --> 00:55:22,840
of Caesar.

1235
00:55:23,340 --> 00:55:25,080
He told them that he was the successor

1236
00:55:25,080 --> 00:55:28,200
of Peter the Apostle, whom Christ had constituted

1237
00:55:28,200 --> 00:55:30,920
his vicar on earth, with power to transmit

1238
00:55:30,920 --> 00:55:34,260
all his prerogatives, spiritual and temporal, to his

1239
00:55:34,260 --> 00:55:35,640
successors in his office.

1240
00:55:36,800 --> 00:55:38,840
This was the only gospel the Pope ever

1241
00:55:38,840 --> 00:55:41,540
preached to the barbarian tribes, and they had

1242
00:55:41,540 --> 00:55:43,520
no means of testing the legitimacy of these

1243
00:55:43,520 --> 00:55:44,320
mighty claims.

1244
00:55:45,160 --> 00:55:48,580
In the Pope himself, they recognized no very

1245
00:55:48,580 --> 00:55:51,140
distant resemblance to their own archdruid.

1246
00:55:51,560 --> 00:55:53,700
The rites of the Roman temples were not

1247
00:55:53,700 --> 00:55:56,380
unlike the worship they had practiced in their

1248
00:55:56,380 --> 00:55:57,100
pagan homes.

1249
00:55:57,860 --> 00:56:00,660
They had easy access to the baptismal font,

1250
00:56:01,140 --> 00:56:03,880
their pagan beliefs and manners forming no impediment.

1251
00:56:04,700 --> 00:56:07,760
Nation after nation entered the Roman pale, the

1252
00:56:07,760 --> 00:56:10,540
Franks leading the way, and earning for themselves

1253
00:56:10,540 --> 00:56:12,480
the title of the eldest son of the

1254
00:56:12,480 --> 00:56:12,880
Church.

1255
00:56:13,540 --> 00:56:15,900
The Gothic nations had found in the Pope,

1256
00:56:16,260 --> 00:56:19,100
before whose chair they now bowed down, a

1257
00:56:19,100 --> 00:56:20,660
common spiritual father.

1258
00:56:21,660 --> 00:56:24,520
Thus was accomplished another notable stage in the

1259
00:56:24,520 --> 00:56:25,660
development of the papacy.

1260
00:56:26,860 --> 00:56:30,040
His dignity enhanced by this vast accession of

1261
00:56:30,040 --> 00:56:33,720
new subjects, the Pope himself set to strengthen

1262
00:56:33,720 --> 00:56:36,860
his power within the Church by completing the

1263
00:56:36,860 --> 00:56:39,140
subjection and vassalage of the clergy.

1264
00:56:39,760 --> 00:56:42,620
He let slip no opportunity that offered to

1265
00:56:42,620 --> 00:56:43,620
compass this end.

1266
00:56:44,320 --> 00:56:46,780
Since the fifth century, the bishops who lived

1267
00:56:46,780 --> 00:56:48,300
on this side of the Alps used to

1268
00:56:48,300 --> 00:56:50,400
go to Rome to visit the sepulchres of

1269
00:56:50,400 --> 00:56:51,920
the apostles Peter and Paul.

1270
00:56:52,400 --> 00:56:55,520
This journey was a voluntary one being undertaken

1271
00:56:55,520 --> 00:56:58,560
to gratify the devout or superstitious feelings of

1272
00:56:58,560 --> 00:57:00,920
the pious excursionist.

1273
00:57:01,380 --> 00:57:04,380
In no long time it was made obligatory,

1274
00:57:05,420 --> 00:57:07,480
and those who failed to present themselves at

1275
00:57:07,480 --> 00:57:11,280
the apostolic threshold were subjected to rebuke as

1276
00:57:11,280 --> 00:57:14,140
lukewarm in their devotion to the Holy Chair.

1277
00:57:15,340 --> 00:57:17,280
It was next interpreted in the sense that

1278
00:57:17,280 --> 00:57:20,180
the itinerant bishops had sought confirmation at Rome

1279
00:57:20,180 --> 00:57:22,220
and that all bishops ought to go there

1280
00:57:22,220 --> 00:57:22,940
for that end.

1281
00:57:23,540 --> 00:57:26,440
Thus there came another accession of prerogative and

1282
00:57:26,440 --> 00:57:28,160
dignity to the papal chair.

1283
00:57:29,720 --> 00:57:32,100
Further, it was a usual practice of churches

1284
00:57:32,100 --> 00:57:34,060
and bishops to ask the advice of the

1285
00:57:34,060 --> 00:57:36,740
Roman church in matters of consequence and difficulty

1286
00:57:36,740 --> 00:57:40,320
or crave the right interpretation of particular canons.

1287
00:57:40,840 --> 00:57:43,040
When they at Rome perceived that their advice

1288
00:57:43,040 --> 00:57:45,340
was taken as a decision, they began to

1289
00:57:45,340 --> 00:57:47,460
send their decrees before they were demanded on

1290
00:57:47,460 --> 00:57:50,220
pretense that Rome, being the first sea of

1291
00:57:50,220 --> 00:57:52,600
the Christian world, her bishop ought to take

1292
00:57:52,600 --> 00:57:56,640
care that the canons and ecclesiastical laws were

1293
00:57:56,640 --> 00:57:57,440
duly kept.

1294
00:57:58,220 --> 00:58:01,040
Hence another encroachment upon the liberties of churches

1295
00:58:01,040 --> 00:58:04,580
and pastors and another accession to papal dignity

1296
00:58:04,580 --> 00:58:05,520
and jurisdiction.

1297
00:58:06,960 --> 00:58:10,860
And further, when differences or quarrels arose between

1298
00:58:10,860 --> 00:58:13,340
bishop and bishop or between church and church,

1299
00:58:13,860 --> 00:58:16,760
nothing was more natural that for the parties

1300
00:58:16,760 --> 00:58:19,180
it varianced to solicit the mediation of the

1301
00:58:19,180 --> 00:58:19,940
bishop of Rome.

1302
00:58:20,500 --> 00:58:23,660
The pope willingly undertook the task of composing

1303
00:58:23,660 --> 00:58:26,980
their contentions, but the price he exacted was

1304
00:58:26,980 --> 00:58:29,280
a still further surrender of the liberties of

1305
00:58:29,280 --> 00:58:29,800
the church.

1306
00:58:30,600 --> 00:58:32,480
He thence took occasion to assume the office

1307
00:58:32,480 --> 00:58:35,540
of a judge and to represent his chair

1308
00:58:35,540 --> 00:58:37,320
as a tribunal to which he had a

1309
00:58:37,320 --> 00:58:38,580
right to summon parties.

1310
00:58:39,820 --> 00:58:42,360
At times, he came in between the metropolitan

1311
00:58:42,360 --> 00:58:45,580
and his diocesan, and on one pretext or

1312
00:58:45,580 --> 00:58:47,840
another deposed the latter to the waking of

1313
00:58:47,840 --> 00:58:49,240
the jurisdiction of the former.

1314
00:58:50,260 --> 00:58:52,660
Moreover, it sometimes happened that parties who had

1315
00:58:52,660 --> 00:58:55,840
been condemned before provincial tribunals were encouraged to

1316
00:58:55,840 --> 00:58:58,600
appeal to Rome, where the cause was reheard

1317
00:58:58,600 --> 00:59:01,380
and the provincial sentence that might be revoked.

1318
00:59:02,040 --> 00:59:04,900
By these stealthy and persistent steps, the pope

1319
00:59:04,900 --> 00:59:07,380
contrived to keep on the ascending grade.

1320
00:59:08,760 --> 00:59:12,000
There followed other most ingenious devices all for

1321
00:59:12,000 --> 00:59:12,720
the same end.

1322
00:59:13,440 --> 00:59:16,000
Among these was the pall of consecration.

1323
00:59:16,560 --> 00:59:18,960
The pall was sent to all bishops from

1324
00:59:18,960 --> 00:59:20,640
the pope at first as a gift.

1325
00:59:20,640 --> 00:59:24,640
It was next represented as indispensable, and that

1326
00:59:24,640 --> 00:59:27,160
without it no bishops could discharge the functions

1327
00:59:27,160 --> 00:59:27,900
of his office.

1328
00:59:29,160 --> 00:59:30,960
Thus a new hold was obtained over the

1329
00:59:30,960 --> 00:59:34,400
clergy, and a new method invented of replenishing

1330
00:59:34,400 --> 00:59:37,300
the papal coffers, for a high price was

1331
00:59:37,300 --> 00:59:40,320
put on this mystic article of dress, which

1332
00:59:40,320 --> 00:59:42,240
was woven of the wool of the lambs

1333
00:59:42,240 --> 00:59:43,200
of St. Agnes.

1334
00:59:45,320 --> 00:59:48,040
To the same end were annats imposed.

1335
00:59:48,400 --> 00:59:50,880
This was the sum paid by bishops when

1336
00:59:50,880 --> 00:59:53,380
they changed from one sea to another, a

1337
00:59:53,380 --> 00:59:55,520
practice allowed by the pope for the gain

1338
00:59:55,520 --> 00:59:56,200
it brought him.

1339
00:59:57,080 --> 00:59:59,700
The multiplication of monks and friars tended to

1340
00:59:59,700 --> 01:00:00,440
the same end.

1341
01:00:00,960 --> 01:00:03,300
The pope summoned into existence the core of

1342
01:00:03,300 --> 01:00:05,700
the regular clergy to play them off against

1343
01:00:05,700 --> 01:00:06,960
the army of the seculars.

1344
01:00:07,680 --> 01:00:09,920
He acted on the maxim divide and conquer.

1345
01:00:10,540 --> 01:00:12,420
The monks were a check upon the bishops.

1346
01:00:12,700 --> 01:00:14,900
They watched their proceedings and carried their report

1347
01:00:14,900 --> 01:00:15,420
to Rome.

1348
01:00:15,940 --> 01:00:18,560
They had acquired a vast reputation for holiness

1349
01:00:18,560 --> 01:00:21,700
and the direction of consciences through the confessional

1350
01:00:21,700 --> 01:00:23,100
was mainly in their hands.

1351
01:00:23,840 --> 01:00:26,220
They had discovered the secret of amassing riches

1352
01:00:26,220 --> 01:00:28,860
by the arts of mendicancy.

1353
01:00:29,480 --> 01:00:31,900
They swarmed over Europe and were thoroughly devoted

1354
01:00:31,900 --> 01:00:33,580
to the interests of the papal sea.

1355
01:00:34,540 --> 01:00:36,800
And if any bishop set himself in opposition

1356
01:00:36,800 --> 01:00:39,060
to the pope, they raised such a clamor

1357
01:00:39,060 --> 01:00:41,600
against him as speedily convinced him that he

1358
01:00:41,600 --> 01:00:43,780
had no alternative but submission.

1359
01:00:46,170 --> 01:00:48,910
Especially did the English monk Winfred, who changed

1360
01:00:48,910 --> 01:00:52,210
his name to Boniface, enlarge the papal dominion.

1361
01:00:52,870 --> 01:00:55,710
This man is commonly but erroneously credited with

1362
01:00:55,710 --> 01:00:57,550
the first Christianization of Germany.

1363
01:00:58,310 --> 01:01:00,610
Invested with the authority of the pope's legate,

1364
01:01:00,970 --> 01:01:02,770
he traversed the countries on the east of

1365
01:01:02,770 --> 01:01:05,210
the Rhone, rooting out the schools and churches

1366
01:01:05,210 --> 01:01:07,830
of the evangelical faith, which had been numerously

1367
01:01:07,830 --> 01:01:10,030
planted in that region of Europe by the

1368
01:01:10,030 --> 01:01:12,190
cul-de-missionaries of the Irish and Scottish

1369
01:01:12,190 --> 01:01:16,470
nations, substituting in their room Roman monasteries and

1370
01:01:16,470 --> 01:01:17,050
cathedrals.

1371
01:01:17,730 --> 01:01:21,010
This was the work of Boniface, a work

1372
01:01:21,010 --> 01:01:23,990
well-pleasing to Rome inasmuch as it greatly

1373
01:01:23,990 --> 01:01:26,470
widened the bounds of the pontifical sway.

1374
01:01:27,590 --> 01:01:30,950
Among the events of these disastrous ages contributing

1375
01:01:30,950 --> 01:01:33,170
to the growth of the papal power, not

1376
01:01:33,170 --> 01:01:35,190
the least influential were the crusades.

1377
01:01:35,690 --> 01:01:38,490
They evoked a mighty outburst of enthusiasm around

1378
01:01:38,490 --> 01:01:39,350
the papal chair.

1379
01:01:39,970 --> 01:01:43,270
They placed powerful kings, vast treasures, and countless

1380
01:01:43,270 --> 01:01:45,190
soldiers at the service of the pope.

1381
01:01:45,750 --> 01:01:47,670
He took it into his own management the

1382
01:01:47,670 --> 01:01:50,310
estates of those who went to fight for

1383
01:01:50,310 --> 01:01:52,950
the recovery of the Holy Land, exempting their

1384
01:01:52,950 --> 01:01:55,450
owners from the jurisdiction of the civil power

1385
01:01:55,450 --> 01:01:57,830
in both civil and criminal causes.

1386
01:01:58,290 --> 01:02:00,470
When the fury of the crusades had spent

1387
01:02:00,470 --> 01:02:02,550
itself, it was found that the spirit of

1388
01:02:02,550 --> 01:02:06,050
princes was broken, their resources dried up, their

1389
01:02:06,050 --> 01:02:08,530
realms impoverished by the loss of their subjects,

1390
01:02:08,770 --> 01:02:10,990
and the only institution that had profited by

1391
01:02:10,990 --> 01:02:14,850
the frenzy was the papacy, which now, every

1392
01:02:14,850 --> 01:02:19,610
other interest abased, rose aloft in greater grandeur

1393
01:02:19,610 --> 01:02:20,290
than ever.

1394
01:02:21,170 --> 01:02:22,630
Nor was this the end of the matter.

1395
01:02:23,110 --> 01:02:25,930
The fanatical fury which had found its first

1396
01:02:25,930 --> 01:02:29,110
fearful discharge on the plains of Syria was

1397
01:02:29,110 --> 01:02:31,330
diverted back to the land whence it had

1398
01:02:31,330 --> 01:02:34,490
come, and there it vented without exhausting itself

1399
01:02:34,490 --> 01:02:37,750
in those bloody persecutions and wars against heretics

1400
01:02:37,750 --> 01:02:40,910
which raged for centuries in Christendom.

1401
01:02:43,300 --> 01:02:46,140
Chapter 8 The King with the Three Crowns

1402
01:02:46,140 --> 01:02:50,540
The Vicar The crusades have carried us into

1403
01:02:50,540 --> 01:02:51,540
the 13th century.

1404
01:02:52,100 --> 01:02:53,920
We must turn back to the 8th and

1405
01:02:53,920 --> 01:02:56,720
9th centuries and note certain political changes that

1406
01:02:56,720 --> 01:02:59,460
occurred in those ages which contributed material aid

1407
01:02:59,460 --> 01:03:01,820
to the papacy in fulfilling its destiny.

1408
01:03:02,540 --> 01:03:04,200
It was the deep aim of the Pope

1409
01:03:04,200 --> 01:03:05,780
to plant his seat in a place where

1410
01:03:05,780 --> 01:03:07,940
he should owe no subjection to any civil

1411
01:03:07,940 --> 01:03:08,360
power.

1412
01:03:08,900 --> 01:03:10,660
He desired to have a country of his

1413
01:03:10,660 --> 01:03:13,060
own, such as might be sufficient to maintain

1414
01:03:13,060 --> 01:03:15,400
his grandeur, and whence he should reign as

1415
01:03:15,400 --> 01:03:17,360
a temporal king as well as a spiritual

1416
01:03:17,360 --> 01:03:17,880
sovereign.

1417
01:03:17,880 --> 01:03:20,440
For a business like this much time and

1418
01:03:20,440 --> 01:03:21,300
labor were needed.

1419
01:03:21,780 --> 01:03:24,680
The project was manifestly unattainable so long as

1420
01:03:24,680 --> 01:03:26,780
an emperor reigned in the West or the

1421
01:03:26,780 --> 01:03:28,820
Gothic monarchy subsisted in Italy.

1422
01:03:29,440 --> 01:03:31,960
But strange to say events conspired to make

1423
01:03:31,960 --> 01:03:33,700
empty and void a place where the Pope

1424
01:03:33,700 --> 01:03:36,120
might set up his combined spiritual and temporal

1425
01:03:36,120 --> 01:03:39,420
sovereignty so long his cherished but unavowed aim.

1426
01:03:40,160 --> 01:03:42,280
The first step was the overthrow of the

1427
01:03:42,280 --> 01:03:44,240
Gothic power in Italy by Justinian.

1428
01:03:45,020 --> 01:03:47,080
Italy and Rome now became a province of

1429
01:03:47,080 --> 01:03:47,960
the Eastern Empire.

1430
01:03:48,480 --> 01:03:51,320
The jurisdiction of the absent emperor was henceforward

1431
01:03:51,320 --> 01:03:54,600
shadowy and weak, but even that slight restraint

1432
01:03:54,600 --> 01:03:58,020
was impatiently borne, and Pope Gregory II began

1433
01:03:58,020 --> 01:03:59,380
to plot how to be rid of it

1434
01:03:59,380 --> 01:03:59,940
altogether.

1435
01:04:00,540 --> 01:04:03,460
The conflict between the Eastern and Western churches

1436
01:04:03,460 --> 01:04:05,540
on the subject of image worship was then

1437
01:04:05,540 --> 01:04:05,900
raging.

1438
01:04:06,580 --> 01:04:09,440
The Romans zealously maintained the cause of images.

1439
01:04:10,020 --> 01:04:12,260
The emperor with the Eastern church were ranged

1440
01:04:12,260 --> 01:04:12,940
in opposition.

1441
01:04:13,800 --> 01:04:16,480
Pope Gregory instigated the Romans to refuse the

1442
01:04:16,480 --> 01:04:17,460
tribute to the emperor.

1443
01:04:18,000 --> 01:04:19,440
The revolt was successful.

1444
01:04:20,060 --> 01:04:24,100
The imperial representative at Ravenna was slain, and

1445
01:04:24,100 --> 01:04:26,700
the last vestiges of the emperor's jurisdiction over

1446
01:04:26,700 --> 01:04:28,520
Roman Italy were annihilated.

1447
01:04:29,540 --> 01:04:30,860
It is worthy of note, by the way,

1448
01:04:30,900 --> 01:04:32,880
that the Romans, by their revolt against their

1449
01:04:32,880 --> 01:04:35,200
lawful emperor, put their necks under a yoke

1450
01:04:35,200 --> 01:04:37,700
that continued to gall them for twelve centuries.

1451
01:04:38,180 --> 01:04:40,000
They did not succeed in breaking it until

1452
01:04:40,000 --> 01:04:41,100
1870.

1453
01:04:42,970 --> 01:04:45,110
The Pope was now in sight of independent

1454
01:04:45,110 --> 01:04:47,790
temporal sovereignty, but he had not yet fully

1455
01:04:47,790 --> 01:04:48,510
achieved it.

1456
01:04:49,350 --> 01:04:51,170
Tidings out of the North troubled him.

1457
01:04:51,910 --> 01:04:54,550
The Longobards had crossed the Alps and were

1458
01:04:54,550 --> 01:04:55,610
already at Ravenna.

1459
01:04:56,190 --> 01:04:58,610
There was no power in the spiritual artillery

1460
01:04:58,610 --> 01:05:01,150
to arrest the victorious advance of these hardy

1461
01:05:01,150 --> 01:05:01,630
warriors.

1462
01:05:02,590 --> 01:05:05,030
In his extremity, Pope Zachary turned his eyes

1463
01:05:05,030 --> 01:05:07,710
to Pepin, who, from Grand Marshal, had become

1464
01:05:07,710 --> 01:05:08,590
king of France.

1465
01:05:09,570 --> 01:05:11,610
The Pope did not supplicate in vain.

1466
01:05:12,450 --> 01:05:15,390
Pepin first, and his son Charlemagne next, A

1467
01:05:15,390 --> 01:05:19,570
.D. 774, conquered the Longobards and endowed the

1468
01:05:19,570 --> 01:05:21,590
papal chair with all the cities and lands

1469
01:05:21,590 --> 01:05:23,670
in Italy which had been subject to the

1470
01:05:23,670 --> 01:05:25,250
jurisdiction of the Greek rulers.

1471
01:05:25,910 --> 01:05:27,910
The Pope was now a crowned monarch.

1472
01:05:28,910 --> 01:05:31,470
This was the third intervention by arms in

1473
01:05:31,470 --> 01:05:33,950
the Pope's behalf and the third Gothic power

1474
01:05:33,950 --> 01:05:35,290
which had fallen before him.

1475
01:05:35,730 --> 01:05:38,850
First, the Vandals established themselves in the diocese

1476
01:05:38,850 --> 01:05:42,210
proper of the Pope, occupying his predestined domain

1477
01:05:42,210 --> 01:05:44,190
and hindering his predestined development.

1478
01:05:45,230 --> 01:05:48,550
The arms of Justinian, under his general Belisarius,

1479
01:05:48,890 --> 01:05:49,710
swept them off.

1480
01:05:50,690 --> 01:05:54,110
Second, the Ostrogoths planted themselves in Italy, and

1481
01:05:54,110 --> 01:05:56,650
their near neighborhood overawed the Pope and prevented

1482
01:05:56,650 --> 01:05:57,390
his expansion.

1483
01:05:58,050 --> 01:06:00,050
They too were rooted out by the arms

1484
01:06:00,050 --> 01:06:01,150
of Justinian.

1485
01:06:01,410 --> 01:06:03,630
Last came, as we have said, the Longobards,

1486
01:06:03,930 --> 01:06:05,790
pressing onwards to the gates of Rome.

1487
01:06:06,410 --> 01:06:08,650
The sword of France drove them back.

1488
01:06:09,350 --> 01:06:11,170
Thus a field was kept clear on which

1489
01:06:11,170 --> 01:06:13,270
the Pope might develop both his spiritual and

1490
01:06:13,270 --> 01:06:14,170
temporal sovereignty.

1491
01:06:15,210 --> 01:06:18,330
And thus was fulfilled what Daniel, in chapter

1492
01:06:18,330 --> 01:06:21,770
7, verse 8, had foretold, that of the

1493
01:06:21,770 --> 01:06:25,850
ten horns or dynasties of the modern Europe,

1494
01:06:26,050 --> 01:06:28,930
three should be plucked up before the little

1495
01:06:28,930 --> 01:06:30,170
horn or papacy.

1496
01:06:30,690 --> 01:06:32,910
Their kingdoms and crowns were given to the

1497
01:06:32,910 --> 01:06:35,070
Pope, and it is probable that it was

1498
01:06:35,070 --> 01:06:36,870
in memory of these events that it became

1499
01:06:36,870 --> 01:06:39,690
customary for the Pope in the following centuries

1500
01:06:39,690 --> 01:06:41,470
to array himself in a tiara.

1501
01:06:42,270 --> 01:06:44,730
The pastor of the Tiber had become a

1502
01:06:44,730 --> 01:06:46,690
monarch with a triple crown.

1503
01:06:48,110 --> 01:06:49,250
Was the Pope now content?

1504
01:06:50,170 --> 01:06:52,170
He sat amid the princes and kings of

1505
01:06:52,170 --> 01:06:53,050
earth as their equal.

1506
01:06:54,330 --> 01:06:56,130
But to be simply their equal he held

1507
01:06:56,130 --> 01:06:58,590
to be an affront to his superhuman office

1508
01:06:58,590 --> 01:07:00,470
as God's vice-regent.

1509
01:07:00,830 --> 01:07:03,110
He aspired to plant his throne among the

1510
01:07:03,110 --> 01:07:05,770
stars and thus look down upon all the

1511
01:07:05,770 --> 01:07:07,630
dignities and princedoms of earth.

1512
01:07:07,630 --> 01:07:10,790
And to this dazzling height he at last

1513
01:07:10,790 --> 01:07:11,610
climbed up.

1514
01:07:12,630 --> 01:07:15,070
There arose in the eleventh century a Pope

1515
01:07:15,070 --> 01:07:20,810
of vast capability, of inflexible resolution, and towering

1516
01:07:20,810 --> 01:07:24,750
pride, Gregory VII Hildebrand.

1517
01:07:25,230 --> 01:07:28,070
He put before the world with a precision,

1518
01:07:28,790 --> 01:07:32,350
a boldness, and an argumentative force, never till

1519
01:07:32,350 --> 01:07:34,810
then brought to its support the claim to

1520
01:07:34,810 --> 01:07:36,850
be the Vicar of Christ.

1521
01:07:38,190 --> 01:07:40,990
This was the foundation stone on which he

1522
01:07:40,990 --> 01:07:44,330
rested his scheme of pontifical jurisdiction and grandeur.

1523
01:07:44,630 --> 01:07:48,290
As Christ's vicar he claimed to surpass all

1524
01:07:48,290 --> 01:07:51,150
earthly monarchs in glory and power as far

1525
01:07:51,150 --> 01:07:53,590
as the sun surpasses the moon in brightness.

1526
01:07:55,090 --> 01:07:57,710
He claimed in short to be God upon

1527
01:07:57,710 --> 01:07:58,290
the earth.

1528
01:07:59,330 --> 01:08:01,610
There followed a series of Popes who struggled

1529
01:08:01,610 --> 01:08:04,250
through two dreadful centuries of war and bloodshed

1530
01:08:04,250 --> 01:08:06,390
to convert Gregory's theory into fact.

1531
01:08:06,970 --> 01:08:09,710
The struggle was successful in the end, the

1532
01:08:09,710 --> 01:08:11,850
miter triumph over the empire.

1533
01:08:12,410 --> 01:08:15,990
The scheme of Gregory VII in all its

1534
01:08:15,990 --> 01:08:19,649
amplitude of jurisdiction and magnificence and, we may

1535
01:08:19,649 --> 01:08:21,930
add, in all its amplitude of despotism and

1536
01:08:21,930 --> 01:08:24,590
blasphemy was exhibited to the world in the

1537
01:08:24,590 --> 01:08:27,149
person and reign of Innocent III in the

1538
01:08:27,149 --> 01:08:28,050
thirteenth century.

1539
01:08:28,710 --> 01:08:30,830
The history of the world does not show

1540
01:08:30,830 --> 01:08:32,770
another achievement of equal magnitude.

1541
01:08:32,770 --> 01:08:35,689
The glory of the pharaohs, the state and

1542
01:08:35,689 --> 01:08:38,149
power of the kings of Babylon, the victories

1543
01:08:38,149 --> 01:08:41,010
and magnificence of the Caesars all pale before

1544
01:08:41,010 --> 01:08:43,130
this great conquest of the Popes.

1545
01:08:43,850 --> 01:08:46,890
Now had come the noon of the papacy.

1546
01:08:47,950 --> 01:08:49,990
But, as we have remarked elsewhere, the noon

1547
01:08:49,990 --> 01:08:51,710
of the Popedom was the midnight of the

1548
01:08:51,710 --> 01:08:52,069
world.

1549
01:08:53,050 --> 01:08:56,750
The career, both of Christ and of Antichrist,

1550
01:08:56,850 --> 01:08:59,290
was to end on a throne, though each

1551
01:08:59,290 --> 01:09:02,229
was to reach his destined elevation by a

1552
01:09:02,229 --> 01:09:03,609
very different road.

1553
01:09:04,370 --> 01:09:06,470
Not till we find them on their respective

1554
01:09:06,470 --> 01:09:09,710
thrones shall we see the parallelism perfected and

1555
01:09:09,710 --> 01:09:10,189
completed.

1556
01:09:11,069 --> 01:09:13,729
This we must reserve for a subsequent chapter.

1557
01:09:14,609 --> 01:09:18,029
Meanwhile, we pursue the parallelism through its successive

1558
01:09:18,029 --> 01:09:21,790
preparatory stages till it reaches this great climax.

1559
01:09:24,040 --> 01:09:26,439
This ends tape one of the Papacy as

1560
01:09:26,439 --> 01:09:28,500
the Antichrist by the Reverend Dr. J.

1561
01:09:28,580 --> 01:09:28,700
A.

1562
01:09:28,859 --> 01:09:30,260
Wiley, read by W.

1563
01:09:30,319 --> 01:09:30,479
J.

1564
01:09:30,560 --> 01:09:32,260
Mankaro, and produced by S.

1565
01:09:32,420 --> 01:09:33,720
Stillwater's Revival Books.

1566
01:09:34,140 --> 01:09:35,760
Thank you for listening, and we hope you

1567
01:09:35,760 --> 01:09:37,060
will go on to the next tape in

1568
01:09:37,060 --> 01:09:37,600
this series.

1569
01:09:38,300 --> 01:09:39,939
If you would like more information on the

1570
01:09:39,939 --> 01:09:42,300
topics addressed in this tape, please visit our

1571
01:09:42,300 --> 01:09:45,460
website where we carry an extensive selection of

1572
01:09:45,460 --> 01:09:47,920
books, CDs, and tapes, as well as numerous

1573
01:09:47,920 --> 01:09:51,319
other resources, some free, on just about every

1574
01:09:51,319 --> 01:09:53,600
topic of interest to the contemporary Christian.

1575
01:09:54,000 --> 01:10:01,040
Our website is www.swrb.com And be

1576
01:10:01,040 --> 01:10:02,820
sure to sign up for our email super

1577
01:10:02,820 --> 01:10:05,960
special discount mailings by emailing us at add,

1578
01:10:06,060 --> 01:10:08,160
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1579
01:10:08,160 --> 01:10:10,240
-w-r-b dot com if you would

1580
01:10:10,240 --> 01:10:11,020
like to learn more.